BackgroundThe literature is scant on the state of the ciliary body, its role in the development of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) complicated by choroidal detachment (CD), and on ciliary body changes following the treatment aimed at resolving concomitant inflammation and choroidal attachment. This study assesses the anatomical position and thickness of the ciliary body and investigates the ciliary body changes after anti-inflammatory pre-vitrectomy treatment in RRD complicated by CD.MethodsForty-nine patients (49 eyes) with RRD complicated by CD underwent standard ophthalmological examination (including visual acuity assessment, biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, and ocular tonometry) and ultrasound biomicroscopy of the ciliary body, choroid, and retina both before and following anti-inflammatory pre-vitrectomy treatment.ResultsAt baseline, all subject eyes had ciliary body edema and detachment extending into the choroid. Ultrasonographic ciliary features included ciliary body edema and disorganization of the supraciliary layer of the pars plana, which was evident by the presence of multiple small oblique fibers. In all subject eyes, the treatment resulted in reattachment of the choroid and the ciliary body as well as a reduction in ciliary body edema (total mean ciliary thickness reduced from 0.83 (0.09) to 0.65 (0.09) mm, with a difference of 0.18 (0.07) mm, P < 0.001).ConclusionsPreoperative anti-inflammatory treatment in RRD complicated by CD results in restoration of the anatomical position of the ciliary body and a statistically significant reduction in ciliary body edema.
High myopia is known to be a major risk factor for the development of choroidal detachment (CD) in eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Trophic disturbances of the retina in axial myopia have been previously confirmed by electroretinography (ERG) data, and are likely to play an important role in the pathogenesis of RRD complicated by CD. To the best of our knowledge, no study has examined in detail the ERG in myopic patients operated for RRD combined with CD. Purpose: 1) To investigate the bioelectrical activity of the peripheral retina after successful surgery for combined RRD and CD in patients differing in the degree of myopia, and 2) to compare the characteristics with those of normal eyes and myopic patients successfully operated for uncomplicated RRD. Materials and Methods: Fifty two patients (52 eyes) were included into the study 3 months after undergoing a single successful vitrectomy with gas tamponade, either for uncomplicated RRD (32 eyes), or combined RRD and CD (20 eyes). They were divided into four groups: Groups 1 and 2 (moderate and high myopes after surgery for uncomplicated RRD; 21 and 11 patients, respectively), and Groups 3 and 4 (moderate and high myopes after surgery for combined RRD and CD; 9 and 11 patients, respectively). Fourteen age-matched individuals (28 eyes) without any ocular or systemic disease were enrolled as controls (Group 5). Scotopic rod response, scotopic combined rod-cone response, and scotopic oscillatory potentials (OPs) were recorded to examine the bioelectrical activity of the peripheral retina. Results: The b-wave amplitude of scotopic rod-mediated response (the summed response of the midperipheral retinal layers to a weak flash arising from the rods in the dark-adapted eye) in myopic eyes in Groups 3 and 4 was 12-fold lower than in normal eyes, 4.3-to 8.8-fold lower than in the fellow eye, and 2.9-to 8.4-fold lower than in myopic eyes in Groups 1 and 2. In addition, the a-wave amplitude (the response of the peripheral retinal photoreceptors) in myopic eyes in Groups 1 and 3 was 1.8-fold lower than in normal eyes, and in highly myopic eyes, 3.4-fold lower than in normal eyes. The b-wave amplitude of scotopic combined rod-cone response (representing the activity of the midperipheral retinal layers) in Groups 3 and 4 was 2.5-fold and 7.5-fold lower, respectively, than in normal eyes, and 1.5-fold and 4.4-fold lower, respectively, than in the fellow eye, and 1.87-fold lower than in myopic eyes in Groups 1 and 2. The OP amplitude in myopic eyes in Groups 3 and 4 was 8.2-fold lower than in normal eyes, 4-fold lower than in the fellow eye, and 2.6-to 5.5-fold lower than in myopic eyes myopic eyes in Groups 1 and 2. The b-wave implicit time of scotopic combined rod-cone response in myopic eyes in Groups 1 to 4 was 19.9% (p < 0.05) longer than in normal eyes. In addition, myopic eyes in Groups 1 to 4 had similar a-wave implicit time compared with normal eyes. We found direct correlations between BCVA and b-wave and a-wave amplitudes of the scotopic rod-mediated ...
Background: An eye examination of a pregnant woman is a mandatory phase of her preparation for delivery, with a special attention given to ophthalmic symptoms and relevant recommendations for delivery management. Purpose: To examine spectral domain ocular coherence tomography (SD-OCT) changes in retinal periphery and to provide grounds for the tactics of preparing a pregnant woman for delivery by performing preventive peripheral laser photocoagulation (PPLP). Material and Methods: A 35-year-old myopic woman at 38 weeks of gestation underwent a routine eye examination (visual acuity assessment, refractometry, tonometry, perimetry, biomicroscopy, and ophthalmoscopy), ultrasound biometry and SD-OCT (Heidelberg Engineering). Results: The patient was diagnosed with mild myopia along with peripheral lattice degeneration and peripheral cystic degeneration of the retina in both eyes and local retinal detachment with atrophic retinal breaks in the right eye. The peripheral vitreoretinal lattice degeneration was arrested and the local retinal detachment was limited by laser-induced chorioretinal adhesions.Conclusion: Spectral domain ocular coherence tomography provides an objective picture of the state of both the macular and the periphery of the retina, and, along with biomicroscopy and ophthalmoscopy, provides grounds for the tactics of care for pregnant women for preventing retinal detachment. The outcome of timely preventive laser treatment allowed us to conclude that the patient had no ocular contraindications to vaginal delivery.
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