This paper presents application examples of vector optimization (Pareto-optimization) especially for the design of beam and shell components. A deterministic as well as a stochastic optimization model is formulated. Stochastic models will be important in the future because many factors in fabrication and operation are of random nature (fabrication tolerances, loads, etc.). For the special case of a sandwich beam these influences are demonstrated by means of a sensitivity analysis. For all examples presented (shell-flange structure, sandwich beam, panel-truss structure) the solution of the optimization problem results from transformation into scalar substitute problems by means of preference functions. In the examples, various optimization algorithms (e.g., sequential linear programming) were tested.
A tool which is being used more and more frequently in companies is Virtual Reality (VR). It enables a realistic three‐dimensional representation of models and data which even non‐experts can follow easily.
In a project carried out by SMS Demag AG in collaboration with the Technical University of Aachen (RWTH), VR is used to show how individual components are merged to form an overall image of a CSP plant. Starting from the mere visualization of the CSP plant, information is integrated in a hierarchical structure which extends into the microstructural level. This hierarchy is shown as an example at certain locations of the CSP plant but can be expanded as required, both in terms of depth (several levels) as well as along the production line (incorporating further process steps).
Further developments are starting to establish direct links between the simulation programs and VR. With the improvement in computer performance and the resulting real‐time ability of the calculations, it will become possible to influence the calculation and also to directly see the results of the change.
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