Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from power stations and industrial plants are seen as major contributors to what is known as the greenhouse gas (GHG) effect. Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) is one technology which may reduce the quantity of CO2 released into the atmosphere but development of CCS has slowed due to the absence of a viable financial model. Metering technology is a prerequisite in enabling realistic financial decisions to be taken; however, there is currently a paucity of research into the types of flowmeters which would be suitable for incorporating into CCS transportation chains. This paper reviews and summarizes existing metering technologies with a view to establishing their suitability for measuring high mass flowrate, supercritical CO2. Open channel, differential pressure, velocity measurement, direct mass measurement, and electrical, magnetic, thermal, sonic, and radiation technologies are all considered. The challenges associated with each generic group are described, and recommendations made regarding the practicalities of using particular types of meter for CO2 transport in CCS applications. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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In this article, the authors' present findings indicate that the induction-bending process can have a severe detrimental effect on the mechanical properties and the corrosion resistance of super duplex stainless steel. After outlining the parametric testing of the pipe that produced reduction in properties, the article presents comparative data from mechanical testing, corrosion analysis, and micrographic analysis before and after induction bending and after post-bend heat treatment. An explanation for the deterioration of properties is provided in terms of metallurgical characteristics; the root cause of deterioration is discussed; a method of restoring the mechanical and corrosion resistant properties is provided; and finally, process improvements are suggested which might, if adopted, prevent the re-occurrence of this phenomenon in the future.

This paper briefly describes induction bending and highlights some of the challenges associated with this technique in the production of tight bends in thick-walled pipe. The authors then go on to describe how data obtained from production runs and specifically commissioned trial bends were used to examine the factors believed to influence the generation of adverse geometry during bending, and to determine the relative importance of each factor.The paper concludes by examining previously published empirically derived charts and by comparing the results of the trials. The authors conclude from this that the existing charts are deficient when considering extrados wall thinning, i.e. the charts cannot be reliably extrapolated to cover bends which are beyond their scope and, while addressing the issue of wall thinning at the extrados, they ignore all the other types of deformation.

Deleterious phasesresulting from the induction bending of thick-walledsuper-duplexpipework Temperfree inductionbendingcanh aveasignificantimpacton the mechanicaland corrosion-resistanceproperties of thick-walled superduplexpipe. Sectionsfrom induction bentpipeweresolution annealed at1120 8 Cforv arious periodst osequentiallyeliminated ifferentdeleterious phases.Bycomparing the results of modified DL-EPR analysis,opticalm icroscopy,mechanicaland corrosion testingbeforeand aftert he various heatt reatments,itw as shownthatt he deterioration in propertiesw asduetothe precipitation of a ' .Itwasalsopossible todetermine the orderin which a ' , c 2 and Cr 2 Nhadp recipitated,a nd thus to conclude thatt he unfavourable metallurgyw ast he result of inadequatep ost-bend cooling. Alikelyt hermalh istory fort he pipe isproposed thatleadst othe descriptiono fa modified temperfree process.