14 Horn M\EC, Dick MC, Frost B, et al. Neonatal screening for sickle cell diseases in Camberwcll: results and recommendations of a two year pilot study. BrMedJ 1986;292:737-40. 15 Rowley PT. Newborn screening for sickle cell disease. Benefits and burdens.

No abstract

FTIR spectroscopy is a common in situ reaction monitoring technique used in modern academic and industrial environments. The FTIR signals collected during the course of a reaction are proportional to the concentration of the reaction components but not intrinsically quantitative. To make FTIR data quantitative, precalibration or offline analyses of reaction samples are required, which diminishes the unique benefits of in situ reaction monitoring techniques. Herein, we report the use of standard addition as a convenient method to obtain quantitative FTIR data.

The enantioselective aminocatalytic α-chlorination of aldehydes is a challenging reaction because of its tendency to proceed through neutral intermediates in unselective pathways. Herein we report the rational shift to a highly selective reaction pathway involving charged intermediates using hexafluoroisopropanol as solvent. This change in mechanism has enabled us to match and improve upon the yields and enantioselectivities displayed by previous methods while using cheaper aminocatalysts and chlorinating agents, 80−95% less amount of catalyst, convenient temperatures, and shorter reaction times.

A series of chiral-at-metal aluminum complexes have been synthesized using chiral catam ligands. Reactivity studies demonstrate the importance of alkoxide bulkiness and complex chirality in inducing catalyst aggregation. This has been exploited in cyclic ester ring-opening polymerization (ROP). For ε-Cl ROP, enantiopure catalysts were found to outperform a racemic mixture of catalysts, as the racemic mixture resulted in lower activity heterodimeric catalytic species and reduced polymerization rates. In the case of L-LA, one catalyst enantiomer was found to be the most active of the series and outperformed both the other enantiomer and the corresponding achiral catalyst. Very high activities were observed and up to 9,200 equivalents of L-LA were polymerized in 4.5 min at 150 °C with TOF > 100,000 h–1 under industrially relevant conditions. Analysis of the catalyst orders for these reactions provided a meaningful catalyst speciation-activity relationship enabling improved understanding of both catalyst speciation and the activity of each catalytic species involved in cyclic ester ROP using chiral aluminum catalysts.