DISCLAIMERThis report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or us efulness o f any i nformation, apparatus, product, o r pr ocess disclosed, o r r epresents t hat its us e w ould no t infringe p rivately ow ned r ights. R eference h erein to any spe cific commercial p roduct, process, or se rvice by t rade name, trademark, manufacturer, or ot herwise doe s not ne cessarily c onstitute o r i mply i ts endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not n ecessarily s tate or r eflect t hose o f t he U nited States Government or any agency thereof.iii AbstractThis report documents the efforts taken to develop a preliminary design for the first commercial-scale CO2 capture and sequestration (CCS) project associated with biomass power integrated into a pulp and paper operation. The Boise Wallula paper mill is located near the township of Wallula in Southeastern Washington State. Infrastructure at the paper mill will be upgraded such that current steam needs and a significant portion of the current mill electric power are supplied from a 100% biomass power source. A new biomass power system will be constructed with an integrated amine-based CO2 capture plant to capture approximately 550,000 tons of CO2 per year for geologic sequestration. A customized version of Fluor Corporation's Econamine Plus™ carbon capture technology will be designed to accommodate the specific chemical composition of exhaust gases from the biomass boiler.Due to the use of biomass for fuel, employing CCS technology represents a unique opportunity to generate a net negative carbon emissions footprint, which on an equivalent emissions reduction basis is 1.8X greater than from equivalent fossil fuel sources (SPATH and MANN, 2004). Furthermore, the proposed project will offset a significant amount of current natural gas use at the mill, equating to an additional 200,000 tons of avoided CO2 emissions. Hence, the total net emissions avoided through this project equates to 1,100,000 tons of CO2 per year. Successful execution of this project will provide a clear path forward for similar kinds of emissions reduction that can be replicated at other energy-intensive industrial facilities where the geology is suitable for sequestration.This project also represents a first opportunity for commercial development of geologic storage of CO2 in deep flood basalt formations. The Boise paper mill site is host to a Phase II pilot study being carried out under DOE's Regional Carbon Partnership Program. Lessons learned from this pilot study and other separately funded projects studying CO2 sequestration in basalts will be heavily leveraged in developing a suitable site characterization program and system des...
To address identified problems and provide information from which behavior of large-diameter wire rope could be better understood, efforts in the following areas were undertaken during FY79 and continued in FY80:• large-diameter rope testing • small-diameter rope testing • data analysis and evaluation • wear and failure analysis • load sensor development • technology transfer.Wire ropes 3/4 in., 1-1/2 in., and 3 in. in diameter were tested in bend-over-sheave fatigue. Attempts were made to correlate fatigue life of these ropes. limited field rope data were available to compare with test results. The modes of failure and wear in laboratory ropes were compared with those seen previously in field ropes.A load sensor was designed and ordered in FY79. It will be connected to the drag rope and jewelry of working draglines during the summer of FY80.Technology transfer was achieved through disseminating written materials, conducting seminars, holding a national symposium, and filming of selected field operations • iii • . .
This large Italian public works project started with the development of engineering data to support the evaluation of three alternatives for processing nuclear waste. After an analysis of the alternatives' performance from an engineering perspective was completed, Società Gestione Impianti Nucleari (Sogin), which is the Italian authority with the responsibility to decommission Italy's four nuclear power plants, asked Battelle, a company thoroughly familiar with nuclear waste processing, to provide an independent assessment of this important decision. The initial analysis did not include an evaluation of alternative performance from the perspective of a broad set of public values. As part of the assessment, we developed a decision methodology as a practical variation of the data-intensive decision processes often found in textbooks. In this paper, we describe a decision process in which we made use of engineering data and expert judgment to minimize expensive additional data collection so that we could perform a multiattribute decision analysis that was theoretically grounded and economical to implement, while incorporating both engineering and stakeholder objectives. Through this process, the Battelle staff verified the initial selection made by the staff at Sogin.
BNFL-RPT-003, Rev. 1)-Inorganic and Radiochemical Analysis of AW-101 and AN-107 "Diluted Feed" Materials Focus Area: Characterization PNWD-2462 (BNFL-RPT-008)-Inorganic and Radiochemical Analysis of AW-101 and AN-107 Tank Waste Focus Area: Characterization This report presents the inorganic and radiochemical analyses for as-received materials from Hanford tanks AW-101 and AN-107. The analyses were conducted by PNWD in support of BNFL work to qualify and verify waste treatment processes for the WTP. The inorganic and radiochemical analysis results obtained from the as-received materials provided initial characterization information for subsequent process testing and to provide data to support permit application activities. ethanol, methanol, 2-propanol, 1-propanol, n-butanol, triethylamine, 2-methyl-2-propanol, and 2-butanol by headspace analysis. This report presents the organic results. The inorganic (including toxicity characteristic leaching procedure metals) and radiochemical results are reported in report BNFL-RPT-008 (PNWD-2462). Whenever possible the analyses were performed to SW-846 protocols so that the results may be used to support permitting activities as well as to provide limited characterization information for subsequent process testing. PNWD-3000 (BNFL-RPT-002)-Ultrafiltration and Characterization of AW-101 Supernatant and Entrained Solids Focus Area: Characterization and Pretreatment One of the applications of crossflow filtration is to remove the entrained solids from Envelope A supernatants retrieved from the Hanford waste tanks. The filtration should remove sufficient solids to prevent plugging of the ion exchange column downstream and to ensure that insoluble 90 Sr and transuranic isotopes are removed. The objective of the work described in this report was to test crossflow filtration using actual Envelope A Hanford tank waste. PNWD evaluated the permeability of an Envelope A feed through a single-element filter as a function of transmembrane pressure, axial velocity, solids concentration, and time. In addition, the efficiency of back pulse and chemical cleaning on the filter performance was evaluated. The chemical and radiochemical composition of the filtrate and solids was measured to determine efficiency of the filtration process. This report describes the test apparatus, experimental approach, results of the tests, and the chemical and radiochemical analysis for supernatants and entrained solids taken from Hanford Tank AW-101. PNWD-2466 (BNFL-RPT-004)-AW-101 Entrained Solids-Solubility Versus Temperature Focus Area: Pretreatment This report describes a test conducted by PNWD to assess the solubility of the solids entrained in the diluted AW-101 LAW sample. PNWD diluted the AW-101 sample using deionized water to mimic expected plant operating conditions. The solubility of the solids present in the diluted AW-101 sample was then assessed versus temperature conditions of 30, 40, and 50°C. The tests were conducted to assess the composition of the LAW supernatant and solids versus expected ...
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