ABSTRAKT Relevance. Currently, a large number of metal structures are used in dentistry: implants, inlays, pins, dentures, etc. These structures are often made of various metals and metal alloys with different electrochemical potentials. This circumstance can lead to the appearance of a galvanic couple in the mouth, i.e. galvanic cell, consisting of metal structures. In the available literature, there are no data on the frequency of detection of galvanic pairs of metal structures in the mouth, in the absence of galvanic syndrome and diseases of the oral mucosa. Target. The study of the frequency of detection of galvanic pairs of metal structures in the mouth, in the absence of galvanic syndrome and pathological changes in the oral mucosa. Materials and methods. A survey was conducted for the presence of galvanic pairs of metal structures in the mouth, 133 patients aged 33 to 87 years. In all patients, galvanic syndrome and pathological changes in the oral mucosa were absent. Depending on age, the patients were divided into 4 groups. The first group consisted of 33 young patients from 33 to 44 years old, the second - 35 middle-aged patients from 45 to 59 years old, the third - 35 elderly patients from 60 to 74 years old, the fourth - 30 elderly patients from 75 to 87 years old. The determination of the electrochemical potentials of metal structures in the mouth was carried out according to the method developed at the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry of the E. V. Borovsky Institute of Dentistry of the First Moscow State Medical University. THEM. Sechenov (Sechenov University). An electrode made of 999 gold was used as an active indicator electrode, which was used to touch metal structures in the mouth during the study. An EHP-1 silver chloride electrode was used as a passive reference electrode. A Fluke 115 multimeter was used as a measuring device during the study. Results. In the first group, which consisted of young people, galvanic pairs were found in 18% of the examined, while the number of metal structures in this group was 5.2 + 2.1. In the second group, in middle-aged persons, along with a tendency to increase the number of metal structures in the mouth, up to 7.4 + 3.5, the number of persons in whom galvanic vapors were found in the mouth increased, up to 23%. In the third group, in the elderly, galvanic vapors in the mouth were detected in the maximum number of examined, compared with other groups, which amounted to 26%. In this group, the maximum number of metal structures in the mouth was also observed in comparison with other groups of the examined. In this group, this indicator was 7.9 + 4.1. In elderly people (group 4), the number of patients with galvanic pairs of metal structures in the mouth decreased to 20%. This was due to the trend towards a decrease in the number of fixed metal structures, due to an increase in the number of removable dentures. The indicator of the presence of metal structures in the oral cavity in this group was 5.9 + 1.8. Conclusion. The frequency of detection of galvanic pairs of metal structures in the mouth is associated not so much with the age of the examined persons, but to a greater extent with the number of metal structures in the mouth. With an increase in the number of metal structures, the probability of the appearance of a galvanic pair in the mouth, formed by metal structures with different electrochemical potentials, increases. Key words: electrochemical potential, metal constructions, galvanic couples, galvanic cell.
The study is devoted to identifying the frequency of detection of galvanic couple of metal structures in various of the oral mucosal diseases. A high difference in the electrochemical potentials of metal structures in the mouth, exceeding 50 mV, was observed in 33% of patients with glossalgia, while in precancerous diseases, such as erosive and ulcerative form of lichen planus, verrucous form of leukoplakia, limited hyperkeratosis of the mucous membrane, galvanic couple with a high difference in electrochemical potentials were found in 78–87% of cases. Due to the high frequency of detection of metal structures with a high difference of electrochemical potentials in patients with oral mucosal diseases, the study to detect galvanic couples of metal structures should be introduced in the list of mandatory measures in the examination.
Galvanic phenomena in the oral cavity are associated with the presence in the oral cavity of metal structures and inclusions of dissimilar metals (crowns, implants, inlays, pins). These phenomena can occur in the vast majority of dental patients. The review article analyzes the literature on galvanic processes in the oral cavity, methods for their diagnosis, and also touches upon the issues of terminology in describing galvanic processes in the oral cavity. Methods for determining the electrochemical potentials of metal structures and inclusions in the mouth and their diagnostic value are considered in a comparative manner in terms of theoretical and physical aspects of their advantages and disadvantages for practical use in the clinic. The necessity of developing a unified method for determining the electrochemical potentials of metal structures and inclusions located in the oral cavity, its theoretical basis and clinical approbation in order to improve the efficiency of diagnosis of galvanic syndrome in patients with a dental profile is substantiated.
An important task of modern public health is improvement of quality of rendering of medical aid to the population. Means for its support at all stages of the serve of a medical device (instruments, apparatus, materials, etc.), quality, safety and efficacy which play a key role to maintain and improve the quality of life of the population.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.