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ABSTRAKT Relevance. Currently, a large number of metal structures are used in dentistry: implants, inlays, pins, dentures, etc. These structures are often made of various metals and metal alloys with different electrochemical potentials. This circumstance can lead to the appearance of a galvanic couple in the mouth, i.e. galvanic cell, consisting of metal structures. In the available literature, there are no data on the frequency of detection of galvanic pairs of metal structures in the mouth, in the absence of galvanic syndrome and diseases of the oral mucosa. Target. The study of the frequency of detection of galvanic pairs of metal structures in the mouth, in the absence of galvanic syndrome and pathological changes in the oral mucosa. Materials and methods. A survey was conducted for the presence of galvanic pairs of metal structures in the mouth, 133 patients aged 33 to 87 years. In all patients, galvanic syndrome and pathological changes in the oral mucosa were absent. Depending on age, the patients were divided into 4 groups. The first group consisted of 33 young patients from 33 to 44 years old, the second - 35 middle-aged patients from 45 to 59 years old, the third - 35 elderly patients from 60 to 74 years old, the fourth - 30 elderly patients from 75 to 87 years old. The determination of the electrochemical potentials of metal structures in the mouth was carried out according to the method developed at the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry of the E. V. Borovsky Institute of Dentistry of the First Moscow State Medical University. THEM. Sechenov (Sechenov University). An electrode made of 999 gold was used as an active indicator electrode, which was used to touch metal structures in the mouth during the study. An EHP-1 silver chloride electrode was used as a passive reference electrode. A Fluke 115 multimeter was used as a measuring device during the study. Results. In the first group, which consisted of young people, galvanic pairs were found in 18% of the examined, while the number of metal structures in this group was 5.2 + 2.1. In the second group, in middle-aged persons, along with a tendency to increase the number of metal structures in the mouth, up to 7.4 + 3.5, the number of persons in whom galvanic vapors were found in the mouth increased, up to 23%. In the third group, in the elderly, galvanic vapors in the mouth were detected in the maximum number of examined, compared with other groups, which amounted to 26%. In this group, the maximum number of metal structures in the mouth was also observed in comparison with other groups of the examined. In this group, this indicator was 7.9 + 4.1. In elderly people (group 4), the number of patients with galvanic pairs of metal structures in the mouth decreased to 20%. This was due to the trend towards a decrease in the number of fixed metal structures, due to an increase in the number of removable dentures. The indicator of the presence of metal structures in the oral cavity in this group was 5.9 + 1.8. Conclusion. The frequency of detection of galvanic pairs of metal structures in the mouth is associated not so much with the age of the examined persons, but to a greater extent with the number of metal structures in the mouth. With an increase in the number of metal structures, the probability of the appearance of a galvanic pair in the mouth, formed by metal structures with different electrochemical potentials, increases. Key words: electrochemical potential, metal constructions, galvanic couples, galvanic cell.
ABSTRAKT Relevance. Currently, a large number of metal structures are used in dentistry: implants, inlays, pins, dentures, etc. These structures are often made of various metals and metal alloys with different electrochemical potentials. This circumstance can lead to the appearance of a galvanic couple in the mouth, i.e. galvanic cell, consisting of metal structures. In the available literature, there are no data on the frequency of detection of galvanic pairs of metal structures in the mouth, in the absence of galvanic syndrome and diseases of the oral mucosa. Target. The study of the frequency of detection of galvanic pairs of metal structures in the mouth, in the absence of galvanic syndrome and pathological changes in the oral mucosa. Materials and methods. A survey was conducted for the presence of galvanic pairs of metal structures in the mouth, 133 patients aged 33 to 87 years. In all patients, galvanic syndrome and pathological changes in the oral mucosa were absent. Depending on age, the patients were divided into 4 groups. The first group consisted of 33 young patients from 33 to 44 years old, the second - 35 middle-aged patients from 45 to 59 years old, the third - 35 elderly patients from 60 to 74 years old, the fourth - 30 elderly patients from 75 to 87 years old. The determination of the electrochemical potentials of metal structures in the mouth was carried out according to the method developed at the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry of the E. V. Borovsky Institute of Dentistry of the First Moscow State Medical University. THEM. Sechenov (Sechenov University). An electrode made of 999 gold was used as an active indicator electrode, which was used to touch metal structures in the mouth during the study. An EHP-1 silver chloride electrode was used as a passive reference electrode. A Fluke 115 multimeter was used as a measuring device during the study. Results. In the first group, which consisted of young people, galvanic pairs were found in 18% of the examined, while the number of metal structures in this group was 5.2 + 2.1. In the second group, in middle-aged persons, along with a tendency to increase the number of metal structures in the mouth, up to 7.4 + 3.5, the number of persons in whom galvanic vapors were found in the mouth increased, up to 23%. In the third group, in the elderly, galvanic vapors in the mouth were detected in the maximum number of examined, compared with other groups, which amounted to 26%. In this group, the maximum number of metal structures in the mouth was also observed in comparison with other groups of the examined. In this group, this indicator was 7.9 + 4.1. In elderly people (group 4), the number of patients with galvanic pairs of metal structures in the mouth decreased to 20%. This was due to the trend towards a decrease in the number of fixed metal structures, due to an increase in the number of removable dentures. The indicator of the presence of metal structures in the oral cavity in this group was 5.9 + 1.8. Conclusion. The frequency of detection of galvanic pairs of metal structures in the mouth is associated not so much with the age of the examined persons, but to a greater extent with the number of metal structures in the mouth. With an increase in the number of metal structures, the probability of the appearance of a galvanic pair in the mouth, formed by metal structures with different electrochemical potentials, increases. Key words: electrochemical potential, metal constructions, galvanic couples, galvanic cell.
AIM. The objective of this study is to determine the frequency of detection of active galvanic cells in the oral cavity in the absence and presence of diseases of the oral mucosa, the development of which may be associated with the irritating effect of direct electric current.MATERIALS AND METHODS. Two groups of 50 patients were examined. All patients had at least 2 metal structures in the oral cavity. The first group comprised patients who had no diseases of the mucous membrane, the second group comprised patients with diseases of the oral mucosa. To detect metal structures that could form a galvanic pair, the electrochemical potential of each metal structure was determined and the difference between the potentials obtained was calculated. To determine the activity of a galvanic element formed by galvanic vapors, the hydrogen index of the gingival fluid in the area of these structures was determined.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. The difference in the electrochemical potentials of metal structures in the studied groups had no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) and amounted to 129 + 24.7 mV in the first group, to 135 + 19.8 mV in the second. In the first group, 92 % of patients had no significant difference in the hydrogen parameters of gingival fluid near pairs of metal structures (p > 0.05). The hydrogen values were 6.6 + 0.26 at the cathode and 6.9 + 0.35 at the anode. In the second group, in 88 % of patients, when measuring the hydrogen index of the gingival fluid, a high difference in pH values from 0.7 to 1.5 units was found. The values of hydrogen parameters near the cathode were 7.8 + 0.29, and the will of the anode was 6.3 + 0.22 (p < 0.05).CONCLUSION. Measuring the hydrogen parameters of the gingival fluid near metal structures forming a galvanic pair makes it possible to assess the activity of a galvanic cell. In the absence of diseases of the oral mucosa, the detection rate of active galvanic cells was only 8 %, and in diseases of the mucous membrane, active galvanic cells were detected in 88 % of patients.
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