Solar active ternary NiO/CuTiO 3 /ZnO semiconductor heterojunction were developed by alcoholic dispersion technique. As prepared ternary system and parent photocatalysts were analyze crystalline phase, surface morphology, light absorbance property, electron hole accusation parting and significant functional groups by means of specific physicochemical feature measurements. From the results, enhanced visible light photo mineralization, superior efficiency of charge carriers separation and better photocatalytic degradation of reactive orange 30 were confirmed for ternary NiO/CuTiO 3 /ZnO semiconductor heterojunction. Hydroxyl radical in the radical trapping experiments confirmed the photocatalytic degradation, which plays an important role in removal of hazardous dye from industrial effluents. This work demonstrates that synergetic effect of CuTiO 3 and NiO in which it proves to be a good option for recovering the consumption of visible light of ZnO-based materials in the ternary hybrid conduction bands.

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Visible light-driven Zn and Mg co-doped TiO2 nanomaterials were synthesized by varying dopant concentrations in presence of biogenic surfactant Sapindus emerginatus (biogenic extract) via the Sol-gel method and have been successfully applicated to the degradation of Amido Black 10B (AB 10B), an exemplary anionic textile azo dye pollutant. This study explored the potent capping properties of biogenic extract surfactant by encapsulating the Zn/Mg co-doped TiO2. In a view to assessing the physical and optical properties of the as-synthesized catalysts, various advanced instrumental techniques were adopted. The Transmission Electron Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis show the formation of small particle sizes (6.9 nm) pertaining to biogenic surfactant-assisted Zn/Mg co-doped TiO2 (ZMT4S2). The substitutional doping of Zn and Mg into the TiO2 framework by substituting Ti4+ ion and the encapsulation of surfactant around catalyst was confirmed by Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectral studies. The surface area of the ZMT4S2 was found to be high (195 m2 g− 1) as compared with undoped TiO2 (74 m2 g− 1) and Zn (1.00 wt%) / Mg (0.25 wt%) co-doped TiO2 (ZMT4) (132 m2 g− 1). The red shift in the absorbance was observed for all the catalysts analyzed using UV-Vis-Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-Vis-DRS) confirms the ZMT4S2 showing less band gap of 2.1 eV than other catalysts. Further the electrical property of the catalyst was studied using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. The results obtained from impedance and Mott-Schotky plots show the reduced electrical resistance and electron hole recombination respectively. The sensitivity of the catalyst towards visible light was confirmed by its band gap energy measurement using UV-Vis-DRS. The anatase phase of all the catalysts was confirmed using powder X-ray diffraction. The composition and wt% of dopants revealed the Energy Dispersive X-ray spectra agree well with the calculated value. The slightly shifted frequency bands (FTIR) further confirmed the doping of Zn and Mg. The characterization analysis reports further accounts for the effective degradation of AB 10B dye (99%) taking place within 20 min of irradiation time at optimized reaction parameters such as best dopant concentration ZMT4, catalyst dosage (100 mg L− 1), dye concentration (10 mg L− 1) and solution pH 3.

The present study discusses the synthesis of Nb doped TiO2/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) intercalated nanocomposites via sol-gel route at a lower temperature by using different loading amounts of graphene oxide (GO) (1 to 10 wt%). The synthesized composite materials were further characterized by copious instruments such as X-ray Diffractometer, UV-Vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis, Raman and Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy. The experimental results stated that the Nb doped TiO2 nanoparticles uniformly distributed on the surface of rGO with an interfacial linking bond between TiO2 and rGO. Later, the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye using produced materials under visible light irradiation was examined. These results revealed that Nb doped TiO2/rGO nanocomposites exhibited better photocatalytic performance than Nb doped TiO2 for the removal of RhB dye. However, among all, the nanocomposite having 5 wt% of GO content achieves the highest degradation efficiency for RhB dye approximately 98% under visible light exposure. Altogether, the unique properties such as electron accepting and transporting properties of GO in the nanocomposite is caused to enhance photocatalytic activity by minimizing the charge carrier’s recombination rate.

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A microwave supported sol–gel approach was developed in this study to fabricate Zr-doped TiO2 mesoporous nanostructures for efficient photocatalytic activity on bismark brown red (BBR) dye under visible light illumination.

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