The paper presents results related to water balance of the Oyan Lake in the North West in Nigeria. The catchment covering an area of 9000 km 2 includes a small dam called Oyan dam having an effective watershed area of 40 km 2 with a gross storage of 270 million cubic meters. Hydrology of the area was characterized on the basis of land use, rainfall, temperature, evaporation, evapotranspiration, and runoff using meteorological data. Different methods like rainfall coefficient method is used to determine monthly distribution of rainfall including rainy and dry months; Penman method to calculate evaporation from the reservoir; Thornthwaite method and Thornthwaite water balance model to determine potential and actual evapotranspiration; and runoff coefficient method to estimate runoff. The catchment is characterized by one rainy season and two dry seasons during the year. The rainy season has five months duration and dry season seven months. The mean annual rainfall of the catchment is 1015.09 mm, out of which rainy season accounts for 96.1% and the dry season for 3.9%. The total annual water loss by evaporation from the reservoir is 1178.5 mm. The mean annual actual evapotranspiration for the catchment is 899.3 mm. The mean annual runoff generated from the catchment is estimated to be 822.2 million cubic meters. The amount of water that percolates into the ground in the catchment as groundwater is estimated to be about 219.9 million cubic meters, and the same at the reservoir site is 826.9 million cubic meters. The total amount of water which is actually available to recharge the groundwater within the catchment is 1046.8 million m 3 .
The application of Rainfall-Potential evapotranspiration (P-PE) model to yam (Dioscorea rotundata) Production was carried out in an on-farm yam trial during the 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 cropping seasons in Abeokuta, South western Nigeria. The experiment was a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement of three varieties of yam (Efuru, Ise-osi and Oniyere), two planting dates (early and late). The resulting 6 treatments were replicated three times with 14 mounds in each plot, in randomized complete block design. The general model for selecting the planting date of each yam cultivar in the two experimental years was 0.1PE PE, the physiological parameters and hydrothermal agro-climatic indices measured during the different phenological stages of yam grown were analyzed with respect to the various treatments. The result showed that model T 1 defined as Σ(P-0.1PE) ≤ 10mm appeared as the best model that significantly (P < 0.05) influenced emergence rate, phenological growth and tuber yield. The implications of the study for appropriate schedule of farm operations vis à-vis agronomic practices for yam cultivation have been noted.
Fadama farming provides a platform for sustained crop cultivation during dry season. This research was directed towards identifying new land areas within the Federal University of Agriculture with the use of Geographical Information System (GIS). The few existing Fadama sites within the study area were searched and their corresponding sizes were determined and represented in a map, using the tool of GIS. The drainage map of the study area was also created using Arcview. Proper digitizing and geeoreferenceing was done for the study area using GIS software and further GIS operations such as overlay and buffering were performed. The data from these operations were finally superimposed with the soil series of the study area to identify new land areas that were suitable for Fadama farming. The results produced a total of 21 areas suitable for Fadama farming in the study area. The result eventually revealed the capacity of Geographical Information System and how its analysis enable us to interpolate, combine and compare this spatial data to achieve the aim of site selection. It helped to identify new sites that can be used for Fadama practise expanding the scope of Fadama farming in the Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta ultimately enhancing revenue generation and the society's need for food security. Management of these wetland ecosystems requires an understanding and mapping of the spatial distribution of their resources and how they are current being utilized. The geographical information system is a tool for agriculturists to utilize its potential for future production. ©JASEM
An on-farm yam experiment was conducted to confirm the agro-climatic potential of Abeokuta, South-western Nigeria for three white yam varieties (Dioscorea rotundata). Three varieties of yam (Efuru, Ise-osi and Oniyere) was selected and related to crop growth and yield. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design in three replicate. The result showed that all yam varieties evaluated were suitable for planting in the area. However, Efuru and Ise-osi synchronized perfectly with the pattern of Actual Water Availability and produced good vegetative growth with Leaf Area Index LAI, of 1.08 and 0.91 thereby leading to high tuber yield of 12 tonnes ha -1 and 11.64 tonnes ha -1 , respectively. Oniyere had LAI of 0.44 resulting in a lower tuber yield of 11.53 tonnes ha -1 .
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