Objectives To construct new reference charts and equations for fetal biparietal diameter (BPD),

Hydrocolpos may be associated with a lower urinary tract obstruction in a spectrum CASE REPORTS Case 1A 31-year-old gravida 4, para 3, was referred to our unit at 33 weeks' gestation for ultrasound evaluation of a fetal pelvic cystic mass. Previous ultrasound examination at 22 weeks' gestation had demonstrated normal fetal development. Detailed ultrasound examination revealed a female fetus with biometry consistent with gestational age, with a median pelvic cyst measuring 38 × 48 × 68 mm, with a 10-mm cystic structure at its lower part. Mild bilateral hydronephrosis was noted, with a mild dilatation of the proximal right ureter. Amniotic fluid volume was normal. The bladder was of normal appearance. The fetal uterus was not clearly visible. The sacrum was normal. The anal canal with its mucosa was visible (Figure 1) and dilatation of neither the rectum nor the lower intestinal tract were noted. The working diagnosis was hydrocolpos but the parents were informed that this condition might be associated with a more complex urogenital malformation (i.e. urogenital sinus and cloacal dysgenesis). Both amniocentesis and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations were declined by the parents. At 35 weeks' gestation the pelvic cystic mass measured 79 × 71 × 57 mm and both ureters were dilated at their proximal part. The child was vaginally delivered at 38 weeks' gestation. The perineum was normal with an intact, normally-positioned, perforate anus. No urethral orifice could be identified. Instead, one orifice corresponding to a persistent urogenital sinus was shown by endoscopic examination. Both the bladder and the hydrocolpos were drained for 24 h and normal spontaneous micturition was obtained. The neonate was discharged at 1 week and anatomical surgical correction was planned for 6 months later. Case 2A 31-year-old primigravida with a dichorionic twin pregnancy was referred for the evaluation of an enlarged bladder found in one fetus at nuchal translucency scan at 12 weeks' gestation. The nuchal translucency measurements were within the normal range. An anomaly scan performed at 14 weeks' gestation showed two dichorionic, diamniotic twins, with an enlarged 19 × 17-mm bladder in one fetus but with normal filling and emptying. A hypoechogenic structure was seen attached to the perineum. At 18 weeks' gestation, this structure was thought to be a penis with a dilatation of the ureter; however, no scrotum was observed. Amniocentesis revealed normal karyotype (46,XX) for both fetuses. No SRY gene expression was found in the amniotic fluidCorrespondence to: Dr J

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