With regard to reconstructing the gamma background dose rate, existing models are either empirical with limited applicability or have many unknown input parameters, which complicates their application in practice. Due to this, there is a need to search for a new approach and build a convenient, easily applicable and universal model. The paper proposes a mathematical model for reconstructing the temporal evolution of the ambient equivalent γ-radiation dose rate during rain episodes, depending on the density of radon flux from the soil surface, as well as the duration and intensity of rain. The efficiency of the model is confirmed by the high coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.81–0.99) between the measured and reconstructed ambient equivalent dose rate during periods of rain, the simulation of which was performed using Wolfram Mathematica. An algorithm was developed for restoring the dynamics of the ambient equivalent γ-radiation dose rate during rainfall. Based on the results obtained, assumptions were made where the washout of radionuclides originates. The influence of the radionuclides ratio on the increase in the total γ-radiation dose rate was investigated.
The features of the atmospheric γ-background reaction to liquid atmospheric precipitation in the form of bursts is investigated, and various forms of them are analyzed. A method is described for interpreting forms of the measured γ-background response with the determination of the beginning and ending time of precipitation, the distinctive features of changes in the intensity of precipitation and the number of single (separate) events that form one burst. It is revealed that a change in the intensity of precipitation in one event leads to a change in the γ-radiation dose rate increase speed (time derivative). A method of estimating the average value of the intensity and amount of precipitation for one event, reconstructing the intensity spectrum from experimental data on the dynamics of the measured dose rate of γ-radiation, is developed. The method takes into account the radioactive decay of radon daughter products in the atmosphere and on the soil surface during precipitation, as well as the purification of the atmosphere from radionuclides. Recommendations are given for using the developed method to correct for changes (daily variations) in radon flux density from the ground surface, which lead to variations in radon in the atmosphere. Experimental verification of the method shows good agreement between the values of the intensity of liquid atmospheric precipitation, calculated and measured with the help of shuttle and optical rain precipitation gauges.
В работе представлены результаты исследования гамма-фона от объектов техносферы в городской среде г. Томска, Россия, с помощью высокочувствительных детекторов БДКГ-03. Было замечено, что в радиусе 1 м от некоторых объектов техносферы поглощенная доза была на 1.5–4.4 выше, чем предел дозы, рекомендованный НКДАР ООН. Максимальная зарегистрированная мощность дозы на расстоянии 50 см от объектов техносферы составила 0.204 мкЗв/ч, что соответствует среднегодовой эффективной дозе внешнего облучения 0.31 мЗв и риску радиационно-индуцированного рака в течение жизни 1.09·10-3. Диапазон изменения мощности амбиентного эквивалента дозы гамма-излучения в г. Томске составил от 0.058 мкЗв/ч до 0.39 мкЗв/ч. The paper presents the results of a study of the gamma background from technosphere objects in the urban environment of Tomsk, Russia, using high-sensitivity detectors BDKG-03. It was noted that within a radius of 1 m from some objects of the technosphere, theabsorbed dose was 1.5–4.4 higher than the dose limit recommended by UNSCEAR. The maximum recorded dose rate at a distance of 50 cm from the objects of the technosphere was 0.204 mSv/h, which corresponds to an average annual effective dose of external radiation of 0.31 mSv and a lifetime risk of radiation-induced cancer of 1.09 ·10-3. The variation range of the ambient dose equivalent rate of gamma radiation in Tomsk was from 0.058 mSv/h to 0.39 mSv/h.
Работа посвящена проверка возможности замены промышленно выпускаемых радиометров радона более экономичными детекторами альфа- и/или бета-излучения для проведения круглогодичного и периодического мониторинга радона в городской атмосфере. Выявлена значимая корреляция между интегральными (средними за месяц) значениями ЭРОА радона и плотности потока альфа-излучения. Это подтверждает, что мониторинг альфа-фона в городской среде может надежно заменить мониторинг величины ЭРОА радона, которая является нормируемой и характеризует внутреннее облучение населения альфа-излучением. Получено, что при известной сезонной закономерности в динамике коэффициента радиоактивного равновесия между радоном и дочерними продуктами его распада также можно будет осуществить замену мониторинга радона в городской атмосфере мониторингом плотности потока альфа-излучения. The work is devoted to testing the possibility of replacing industrially produced radon radiometers with more economical detectors of alpha and/or beta-radiation for conducting year-round and periodic monitoring of radon in the urban atmosphere. A significant correlation was revealed between the integral (monthly average) values of the EEC of radon and the flux density of alpha radiation. This confirms that the monitoring of the alpha background in the urban environment can reliably replace the monitoring of the EEC of radon, which is normalized and characterizes the internal exposure of the population to alpha radiation. It was found that with a known seasonal pattern in the dynamics of the coefficient of radioactive equilibrium between radon and its daughter decay products, it will also be possible to replace monitoring of radon in the urban atmosphere by monitoring the flux density of alpha radiation.
Синхронный эксперимент по исследованию динамики радиационных величин в различных условиях: городская среда и открытая загородная местность был произведен в августе-сентябре 2020. Ежеминутно производили измерения мощности амбиентногоэквивалента дозы γ-излучения, плотности потока β-излучения на высоте 1 м на территориях геофизической обсерватории ИМКЭС СО РАН и на станции БЭК ИОА СО РАН. Оба пункта мониторинга были оборудованы оптическими осадкомерами ОПТИОС. Основной целью исследования было исследование различий в отклике радиационного β-и γ-фона на жидкие атмосферные осадки внутри городской среды и на открытой местности, вдалеке от городской инфраструктуры и лесных массивов. Доказано, что пункт мониторинг, расположенный в городской черте адекватно отражают метеорологическую обстановку, как минимум в радиусе 3 км. A synchronous experiment to study the dynamics of radiation quantities in various conditions: the urban environment and open countryside was carried out in August-September 2020. Every minute measurements of the ambient dose equivalent rate of γ-radiation, β-radiation flux density were made at 1 m height in the territories of the IMСES SB RAS geophysical observatory and at the BEC station of IAO SB RAS. Both monitoring points were equipped with OPTIOS optical rain gauges. The main purpose of the study was to study the differences in the response of the β- and γ-radiation background to liquid atmospheric precipitation inside the urban environment and in open areas, far from urban infrastructure and forests. It has been proven that monitoring point located within the city adequately reflects the meteorological situation, at least within a radius of 3 km
В настоящее время серьезную потенциальную опасность для геосистем нефтепромыслов и населения территорий населенных пунктов нефтегазодобычи, представляют отходы связанные с бурением нефтяных и газовых скважин. Наибольшая часть буровых шламов имеет минеральное происхождение, и зачастую может быть радиоактивной, имея в своем составе природные радионуклиды, концентрации которых могут доходить до уровней РАО. Данная работа несет экспериментальный характер по применению, и расчету эффективности методов химической дезактивации образцов буровых шламов растворами реагентов кислот и щелочей. Результаты полученные в основе эксперимента указывают на удовлетворительную эффективность применения таких методов по дезактивации минеральных материалов и представляют особый интерес в таких областях науки как радиационная геофизика, геохимия и радиоэкология. Currently, a serious potential danger for geosystems of oil fields and the population of territories of settlements of oil and gas production is represented by wastes associated with drilling of oil and gas wells. The greatest part of the drilling cuttings has a mineral origin, and frequently can be radioactive, having in its structure the natural radionuclides which concentrations can reach the levels of RW. This work is experimental in its application and calculation of the effectiveness of methods of chemical decontamination of drill cuttings by acid and alkaline solutions. The results obtained on the basis of the experiment indicate satisfactory effectiveness of such methods for decontamination of mineral materials and are of particular interest in such fields of science as radiation geophysics, geochemistry and radioecology.
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