В настоящее время серьезную потенциальную опасность для геосистем нефтепромыслов и населения территорий населенных пунктов нефтегазодобычи, представляют отходы связанные с бурением нефтяных и газовых скважин. Наибольшая часть буровых шламов имеет минеральное происхождение, и зачастую может быть радиоактивной, имея в своем составе природные радионуклиды, концентрации которых могут доходить до уровней РАО. Данная работа несет экспериментальный характер по применению, и расчету эффективности методов химической дезактивации образцов буровых шламов растворами реагентов кислот и щелочей. Результаты полученные в основе эксперимента указывают на удовлетворительную эффективность применения таких методов по дезактивации минеральных материалов и представляют особый интерес в таких областях науки как радиационная геофизика, геохимия и радиоэкология. Currently, a serious potential danger for geosystems of oil fields and the population of territories of settlements of oil and gas production is represented by wastes associated with drilling of oil and gas wells. The greatest part of the drilling cuttings has a mineral origin, and frequently can be radioactive, having in its structure the natural radionuclides which concentrations can reach the levels of RW. This work is experimental in its application and calculation of the effectiveness of methods of chemical decontamination of drill cuttings by acid and alkaline solutions. The results obtained on the basis of the experiment indicate satisfactory effectiveness of such methods for decontamination of mineral materials and are of particular interest in such fields of science as radiation geophysics, geochemistry and radioecology.
The results of studying the features of the spatial distribution of macro- and microelements in the “water – bottom sediments” system in the channel of the Uzynbulak creek (“Degelen” site of the Semipalatinsk test site, Kazakhstan) are presented. The studies were carried out in the summer of 2015. As a result of the study of the chemical composition in surface waters and bottom sediments of the Uzynbulak creek, the content of Li, Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, V, Ni, Mo, Fe, Sr, Al, Zn, Ba, La, Ce, U was revealed. The nature of the origin and the main factors determining the increased content of a number of the studied elements have been determined. The main mechanisms of the formation of the elemental composition in surface waters, the degree of spreading of elements exceeding the MPC (maximum permissible concentration) beyond the “Degelen” site are considered.
The results of the study of ecological and geochemical features and assessment of the water quality of water sources located on the territory of the Semipalatinsk test site are presented. The studied waters are diverse in chemical composition: 14 % of the samples had hydrocarbonate, 69 % – sulfate, and 17 % – chloride types of waters. On the basis of the revealed features of the elemental composition of the underground waters of the Semipalatinsk test site, decreasing series of excess of the average concentrations of elements in water in relation to the composition of waters of the zones of hypergenesis and continental salinization were constructed: U14 > Mo8 > Sr8 > V3 (hypergenesis zone), U5 > Mo3 > Sr3 > V2 (zone of continental salinization). For the groundwater of the Semipalatinsk test site, specific elements were identified, such as U, Mo, Sr and V. The water quality was assessed for the studied chemical components based on comparison with the standards of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the World Health Organization (SaNPiN No. 209, WHO 2011).
The relevance of the research is caused by the need to develop a methodological base for determining 151Sm content in the soil cover of radioactively contaminated territories of Kazakhstan. The developed method for the determining of 151Sm will make it possible to assess the levels of soil contamination with this radionuclide, to determine the character of its spatial distribution, to allow estimating the internal exposure doses for the personnel and the population. The aim of the research is to carry out the isolation and radiochemical purification of samarium isotopes from acid solutions via using ion-exchange resins AV 17×8 and KU-2. Objects: salt solutions based on nitric and hydrochloric acid containing the stable isotopes of some natural, artificial β-emitters and isotopes of U and Th. The concentrations of nitric and hydrochloric acids were equal to the concentrations of the same acids used in the routine analysis of Pu and Am. Concentrations of chemical elements were determined using the Agilent 7700x quadrupole mass spectrometer and the iCAP 6300 Duo atomic emission spectrometer. The results of the experiments on the isolation and radiochemical purification of samarium isotopes from acidic solutions using anion-exchange resin AV 17×8 and cation-exchange resin KU-2 have been presented. It has been shown that the Sm-fraction can be purified from alkaline elements, Tl and U isotopes using the KU-2 cation-exchange resin. In turn, the isotopes U, Fe and Co can be removed using an anion exchange resin in 9M HCl media.
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