If perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) are to be commercialized, they must achieve long-term stability, which is usually assessed with accelerated degradation tests. One of the persistent obstacles for PSCs has been successfully passing the damp-heat test (85°C and 85% relative humidity), which is the standard for verifying the stability of commercial photovoltaic (PV) modules. We fabricated damp heat–stable PSCs by tailoring the dimensional fragments of two-dimensional perovskite layers formed at room temperature with oleylammonium iodide molecules; these layers passivate the perovskite surface at the electron-selective contact. The resulting inverted PSCs deliver a 24.3% PCE and retain >95% of their initial value after >1000 hours at damp-heat test conditions, thereby meeting one of the critical industrial stability standards for PV modules.
The performance of perovskite solar cells with inverted polarity (
p-i-n
) is still limited by recombination at their electron extraction interface, which also lowers the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of
p-i-n
perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells. A ~1 nm thick MgF
x
interlayer at the perovskite/C
60
interface through thermal evaporation favorably adjusts the surface energy of the perovskite layer, facilitating efficient electron extraction, and displaces C
60
from the perovskite surface to mitigate nonradiative recombination. These effects enable a champion
V
oc
of 1.92 volts, an improved fill factor of 80.7%, and an independently certified stabilized PCE of 29.3% for a ~1 cm
2
monolithic perovskite-silicon tandem solar cell. The tandem retained ~95% of its initial performance following damp-heat testing (85 Celsius at 85% relative humidity) for > 1000 hours.
In this work we report perovskite solar cells in the planar p-i-n configuration based on single-step, anti-solvent free, low-temperature (70 o C) slot-die coated methylammonium lead tri-iodide (MAPbI 3 ). The devices are fabricated on hydrophobic PTAA surfaces, using key strategies such as solvent engineering, enhanced ink-substrate dynamics, and surface passivation, enabling a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.8%. We also adapted the technique to achieve the first slot-die coated perovskite/silicon monolithic 2terminal tandems, achieving a PCE of 23.8% utilizing a textured silicon bottom cell.
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