Background: Intra-abdominal pressure monitoring helps in the early detection of patients who are susceptible for developing intra-abdominal hypertension and enabling prompt treatment to prevent the development of abdominal compartment syndrome. The management of critically ill patients and the identification of potential causes for clinical worsening are the main role of critical care nurses. Objective: The objective of the present study is to assess nurses' knowledge and practice regarding intra-abdominal pressure measurement and abdominal compartment syndrome prevention. Patients and methods: A descriptive exploratory design was utilized in this study. The study was carried out at intensive care units, cardiac care units and emergency unit at Kom Hamada and Itay El Baroad Hospital. A convenient sample of 60 male and female nurses was recruited. Two tools were used for data collection; (I) Knowledge assessment questionnaire and (II) Observational checklist to assess nurses' practices regarding intra-abdominal pressure measurement. Results: Most studied nurses had poor knowledge regarding all items related to intra-abdominal pressure measurement, intra-abdominal hypertension, and complications of abdominal compartment syndrome. Moreover, about more than two-third of the studied nurses had an unsatisfactory level of practice regarding intra-abdominal pressure measurement. Conclusion: The majority of the studied nurses had unsatisfactory level of knowledge and incompetent level of practice regarding intra-abdominal pressure measurement and abdominal compartment syndrome prevention.Recommendation: Continuous educational programs should be planned to nurses for enhancing their knowledge and practice to achieve a high quality of care.

Background: The Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) defines food waste as food fit for human consumption that is thrown away, whether it has been held over its expiration date or has been allowed to expire. Food waste has drawn a lot of attention recently and is increasingly recognized as the root of a number of detrimental repercussions, including problems with health, the economy, society, and the environment. Objective: The current study aimed to evaluate the causes of hospital food waste in surgical wards as mentioned by patients. Patients and methods: Design: A descriptive exploratory research design was used. Setting: The study was carried out in surgical wards of two hospitals, AL-Hussein and Bab-ELSharia University Hospitals, Egypt. Subjects: A convenient sample of 161 adult patients from both genders who agreed to participate in the study. Tools: Three tools were used to collect data; Patients personal data, Rate of food waste questionnaire and Acute Care Hospital Foodservice Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (ACHFPSQ). Results: The participants' ages ranged between <30and 75 years, 44.1% of them had appetite worse than normal in the hospital and 42.2% said that they had less than usual intake of food in the hospital. About 30.4% of the studied patients said that the hospital food rarely has been as good as they expected, and 31.7% of them said that they never be able to choose a healthy meal in hospital. Conclusion:The research provides a helpful foundation for understanding the meals that patients throw away. The findings reveal a concerning amount of food waste that calls for a determined action by hospital officials. The repercussions of this waste may not only have negative effects on the economy or the environment, but also adverse effects on patients' indirect health. Create a customized, flexible meal reservation procedure based on patient's unique needs, tastes, and dietary requirements raise the quality of the meal.

Background: Neurological disorders (NDs) that affect the nervous system as trauma to the brain as well as spinal cord. NDs are the main cause of disability and death in the world, and they affect consciousness. Assessment level of consciousness are done through Glasgow coma scale (GCS) and Full Outline of Unresponsiveness Scale (FOUR). Objective: The present study aimed to compare between FOUR and GCS. Patients and methods: A comparative exploratory study was conducted at Intensive Care Unit and surgical emergency at Elminya University Hospitals. A purposeful sampling yielded a total of 126 patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) or traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) in adults. All participants were subjected to structured interview questionnaire, GCS, FOUR, and Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE). Results: GCS and FOUR scores of the studied patients had a proper cut-off predictive value ≤12, but GCS was more specific and accurate than FOUR in the predictability of full recovery. Both scores were similar for the prediction of loss of consciousness (LOS) in hospital with the same cut-off ≤13 at the 24 hours. There was a statistically significant correlation between GOSE, GCS, and FOUR. Conclusion: GCS is the same as FOUR score in predicting clinical outcomes but FOUR can assess patients on mechanical ventilation and predict clinical outcomes for intubation, weaning of ventilator, and speech impairment. Predicting death and full recovery using the FOUR score is more accurate than using the GCS. Continuous Educational programs should be planned to ICU and using GCS and FOUR.

Background: Spinal cord injury is a debilitating and irreversible injury leading to complete or incomplete loss of sensory and motor function. Knowledge, practice and attitude of nurses can significantly affect the outcomes of patients.Objective: This study aimed to assess nurses' performance regarding care of patients with spinal cord injury.

Background: Venous thromboembolism is a leading cause of patient morbidity. In hospitalized patients with COVID-19, it is a common and potentially fatal complication. Knowledge and effective practice on VTE prophylaxis are vital for the proper management of patients. Inadequate knowledge and poor practice of health professionals towards Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis increased patients' complications. The aim of this study assess nurses' knowledge and practice regarding prevention of deep venous thrombosis among hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Design: A descriptive expletory design. Setting: The study was conducted at New Al Kasr Al Einy Teaching Hospital (Cairo University Hospitals. Egypt). Subject: A convenient sample included 100 nurses from the previously mentioned setting.  Tools: Data were collected using two tools; a self-administrated questionnaire and, an observational checklist. Results: showed that, less than half of the studied nurses were more than 30 years. Majority of them were female, more than half had Institute of nursing, and majority of them had experience more than 6 years. About three quadrants of them had unsatisfactory level of knowledge and incompetent level of practice regarding prevention of deep venous thrombosis among hospitalized patients with COVID-19.