Thanks to the development of the technologies in the wireless communications and Internet of Things (IoT), the adoption of mobile devices is growing rapidly. Accordingly, the number of multimedia applications like face recognition and augmented reality generated from various mobile devices is growing at an unprecedented rate. The processing of these multimedia applications needs a lot of computation resources and has to be processed as quickly as possible. However, as these mobile devices have limited computation resources, the undesirable response delay will occur. By offloading the multimedia applications to the edge cloud close to the access point (AP) or the cellular base station (BS), mobile edge computing (MEC) is considered as a prospective approach to improve the quality of service (QoS) and enhance the computing capacity of mobile devices. Multimedia applications offloading in a MEC system are studied in this paper. The objective of the studied problem is to minimize the execution delay of multimedia applications of all mobile devices by allocating both the communication resource and the computing resource in the edge server. An optimization problem is formulated and an efficient multimedia applications offloading scheme is proposed to get the solution. Simulation results are conducted to verify the proposed application offloading method, which show that there is a significant execution delay reduction.
Microfluidic fuel cells (MFFCs) are performing increasingly important roles in production and life, such as electronic products, sensors and real-time equipment. The microfluidic electrochemical fuel cell (MFEFC) is a significant type of MFFC that has attracted recent global attention. Compared to the other two types, biofuel cells (MFBFCs) and photocatalytic fuel cells (MFPFCs), MFEFCs can be used in a broader range of applications and are less susceptible to external environment. This paper mainly discusses the recent progress of MFEFCs, including catalyst, fuel, electrode, oxidant, design, fabrication, model and performance. The paper summarized the latest research results and practical applications through the above aspects. The authors sincerely hope that this paper will be useful to researchers in the field. Finally, we summarize the article and outline the potential future development and applications of MFEFCs.
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