Abstmct-Cultured JTC-3 cells of human amniotic cell origin were irradiated with CW ultrasound intensities of 1 W/cm2 (SATA) or more. Cell growth was suppressed when the cells, suspended in phosphate buffered saline, were sonicated while being rotated at 2.5 rpm in a polystyrene tube for 60 min. Dead cells were rarely found after staining and cell colony formation showed no significant decrease. The slow rotation of the cells and the intrinsic nature of the cells may he the reason for this phenomenon. Using the same experimental model, pulsed ultrasound suppressed cell growth at intensities of 240 rnW/cmz (SPTA), 20 Wlcm' (SATP), and 80 W/cm2 (SPTP) using a pulse duration of 3 ps and a pulse repetition frequency of LOO0 Hz.
A total of 378 measurements of fetal liver size were made from 18 weeks gestation through term. Statistical analysis of the results showed a highly significant correlation between fetal liver measurements and gestational age, biparietal diameter, and fetal femur length (R = 0.93, R = 0.89, R = 0.89, respectively). Ultrasonic measurement of the fetal liver is a reliable indicator of fetal growth in the third trimester, as growth rates of the biparietal diameter and head circumference are blunt. Furthermore, consecutive measurements of fetal liver size enhance the detection of symmetrical, fetal growth, by acquisition of various ultrasonic parameters such as biparietal diameter, fetal femur length, fetal abdominal circumference and so forth.
Ultrasonographic studies of the human fetal gallbladder were performed in utero on 149 fetuses ranging from 20 to 39 weeks of gestation. The gallbladder could be identified in 37.5% (20–23 weeks) to 64.7% (24–27 weeks) after 20 weeks of gestation. The normal sonographic characteristics of the fetal gallbladder were described and the area of fetal gallbladder, the length and the width were measured, respectively. The ultrasonographic identification of the fetal gallbladder is a first step in antenatal detection of congenital anomalies affecting the gallbladder.
A total of 646 ultrasonic measurements of fetal liver size were made from 18 weeks of gestation through to term. After 29 weeks, size of the liver in the growth-retarded fetuses was significantly small as compared to findings in the control fetuses. The sensitivity and specificity for the detection of growth retardation were 0.86 and 0.89 at 33 weeks, 0.89 and 0.94 at 38 weeks and 0.89 and 0.89 at 40 weeks of gestation. Growth rate of the liver in the growth-retarded fetus was diminished as compared with findings in the control fetus. Also, a method of estimating fetal weight by ultrasonic measurement of the fetal liver size is described.
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