In accordance with a new international standard set by the Codex Alimentarius Commission for cadmium (Cd) contentin rice grain, Japan must perform large-scale remediation of paddy fields polluted with lowto moderate levels of Cd. Phytoextraction using hyperaccumulating wild plants has been proposed as a low-cost, environmentally friendly restoration technology. However, because of difficulties with sowing, weed and disease control, and harvesting, hyperaccumulators may not be suitable for large-scale phytoextraction in polluted paddy fields. Here, we demonstrated phytoextraction using Indica-type rice cultivars capable of accumulating Cd at high levels. Phytoextraction with the Indica rice Chokoukoku grown for 2 years without irrigation after drainage removed 883 g Cd ha(-1), reduced the total soil Cd content by 38%, and reduced the grain Cd content in subsequently grown Japonica food rice by 47% without decreasing yield. The results suggest that phytoextraction with Chokoukoku can remove Cd from paddy fields polluted with low to moderate levels of Cd and reduce the grain Cd concentration of Japonica food rice cultivars to below the Codex standard within a reasonable time frame. This approach will help reduce the risk of Cd contamination of rice from paddy fields.
We report a case of holoprosencephaly with cleft lip and palate. The patient was a 26-year-old woman who presented with malocclusion and masticatory dysfunction. She had undergone cleft surgery, including lip and palatoplasty, and alveolar bone grafting until 18 years of age, but her occlusion was not effectively managed.Facial anomalies included slight orbital hypotelorism and trigonocephaly, severe mid-facial delayedgrowth with a flat nose and a scar from bilateral chiloplasty. Intraoral examination showed malocclusion, cross bite, a severely contracted dental arch, and multiple tooth defects of the maxilla.We successfully treated her malocclusion by the following procedures: (1) alveolar bone graft for implants,(2) orthodontic treatment of the mandible and dental treatment of the upper and lower teeth,(3)sagital splitting ramus osteotomy (SSRO),(4)application of dental implants and vestibular extension with a skin graft, and prosthetic treatment of the maxilla.
The frequency of TMJ disorders in patients with jaw deformities was surveyed by questionnaires and dental casts. TMJ disorders in 174 patients (84 males and 90 females, mean age of 22.0 years) were evaluated by questionnaire. Dental casts were evaluated and classified into occlusomorphologic types such as mandibular prognathism, asymmetry, open bite, maxillary prognathism, and composite of these according to previously described criteria. All variables such as gender, age, potential
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