Doxorubicin (DXR) is a highly effective drug for chemotherapy. However, cardiotoxicity reduces its clinical utility in humans. The present study aimed to assess the ameliorative effect of curcumin against DXR-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Rats were subjected to oral treatment of curcumin (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) for 7 days. Cardiotoxicity was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of DXR (40 mg/kg body weight) on the 5th day and the rats sacrificed on 8th day. Curcumin ameliorated DXR-induced lipid peroxidation, glutathione depletion, decrease in antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) enzyme activities, and cardiac toxicity markers (CK-MB, LDH, and cTn-I). Curcumin also attenuated activities of Caspase-3, cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and levels of nuclear factor kappa-B, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β, and cardiac tissue damages that were induced by DXR. Moreover, curcumin decreased the expression of 8-OHdG and 3,3'-dityrosine. This study demonstrated that curcumin has a multi-cardioprotective effect due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties.

Gentamicin is commonly used against gram-negative microorganisms. Its therapeutic use is mainly limited by nephrotoxicity. This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of rutin on oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. The rats were treated with saline intraperitoneally (group I), 150 mg/kg of rutin orally (group II), 80 mg/kg of gentamicin intraperitoneally for 8 d (group III), or 150 mg/kg of rutin plus 80 mg/kg of gentamicin (group IV). The serum urea, creatinine, kidney malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and protein concentration were measured, and renal histopathology analysis and immunohistochemical staining were performed. Rutin pretreatment attenuated nephrotoxicity induced by gentamicin by reducing the urea, creatinine, and MDA levels and increasing the SOD, CAT, and GPx activity, and the GSH levels. The rutin also inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cleaved caspase-3 and light chain 3B (LC3B), as evidenced by immunohistochemical staining. The present study demonstrates that rutin exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-autophagic effects and that it attenuates gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

Doxorubicin (DXR) is one of the most important chemotherapeutic agent. However, nephrotoxicity reduces its clinical utility in humans. The aim of the study was to investigate protective effects of curcumin (CMN) against DXR-induced nephrotoxicity. Rats were subjected to oral treatment of CMN (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) for 7 days. Nephrotoxicity was induced by single intra peritoneal injection of DXR (40 mg/kg body weight) on the fifth day and then the experiment was terminated on the eighth day. Nephroprotective effects of CMN were associated with decrease in serum toxicity markers and increase in antioxidant enzyme activities. CMN was able to reduced the levels of inflammatory markers such as TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-1β, iNOS and COX-2 in the rats. It also reduced the expressions of apoptotic marker including caspase-3, and oxidative DNA damage marker including 8-OHdG. Collectively, these findings indicated that CMN protect against DXR-induced nephrotoxicity.

Free radicals are now well known to damage cellular components. To investigate whether age and thyroid level affect peroxidation speed, we examined the levels of malondialdehyde and antioxidant enzyme activities in different age groups of hypothyroid rats. Hypothyroidism was induced in 30- and 60-day-old Wistar Albino rats by the i.p. administration of propylthiouracil (10 mg kg(-1) body weight) for 15 days. While malondialdehyde levels of 30- or 60-day-old hypothyroid rats were increased in liver, they were decreased in the tissues of the heart and thyroid. While glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity levels did not change in heart, brain and liver tissues of 30-day-old rats, they increased in brain and heart tissues of 60-day-old experimental groups, but decreased in the liver. Catalase activities decreased in the liver and heart of rats with hypothyroidism, but increased in erythrocytes. In control groups while malondialdehyde levels increased in brain, heart and thymus with regard to age, they decreased in plasma. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and catalase activities were not affected by age in tissues of the thymus, thyroid and brain, but they were decreased in the heart tissue. The changes in the levels of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities which were determined in different tissues of hypothyroid rats indicate a cause for functional disorder of these tissues. Moreover, there may be changes depending on age at lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activity levels.

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In the present study, the protective effects of chrysin (CHR) against testicular damage caused by lead acetate (PbAc) were examined. In this way, 30 min after rats were given 25 and 50 mg/kg/b.w CHR orally for seven consecutive days, 30 mg/kg/b.w PbAc was administered orally. In biochemical analysis of testicular tissue, it was found that PbAc-reduced antioxidant parameters [glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glu

Pregnancy is a condition that favours oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oxidant and antioxidant status by measuring glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) concentrations before and during pregnancy in ewes. Twelve healthy female and two healthy male Awassi sheep, aged 4-5 years, weighing approximately 50 -55 kg each, were used in the study. The ewes' blood samples were taken before synchronization and during pregnancy (on 25 th days of each month of pregnancy). Plasma MDA concentrations in the 2 nd and 3 rd months of pregnancy in ewes were lower than in the 1 st , 4 th , 5 th months of pregnancy and in the non-pregnant ewes. GSH concentrations and GSH-Px activities during pregnancy were increased (P < 0.01). GSH concentrations and GSH-Px activities were the highest in the 2 nd and 3 rd months of pregnancy. CAT activities were decreased after the 1 st month of pregnancy in ewes (P < 0.001). They were the lowest in the 2 nd and 3 rd months of pregnancy. The findings of our study show decreased CAT activities and elevated GSH concentrations and GSH-Px activities after the 1 st month of pregnancy in ewes. These changes in the indicators under study may indicate a predisposition to oxidative stress in the 2 nd and 3 rd month of pregnancy in ewes. Awassi sheep, pregnancy, oxidant and antioxidant status

This study aimed to investigate the effect of curcumin (CUR) on doxorubicin (DOX)‐induced testicular damage in male rats. Thirty‐five adult male Wistar rats were used. Control group was received saline for 7 days. CUR group received CUR for 7 days. DOX group received single dose DOX on the 5th day. DOX+ CUR‐100 group received 100 mg/kg/day CUR for 7 days and DOX injection on the 5th day. DOX + CUR‐200 group received 200 mg/kg/day CUR for 7 days and DOX injection on the 5th day. DOX treatment decreased in sperm motility rate, live sperm percentages, cellular antioxidants, and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, necrosis, degenerations, and slimming in seminiferous tubules, and DNA damages in testes by inducing oxidative stress. CUR treatment mitigated significantly these side effects when compared with DOX group in a dose‐dependent manner. In conclusion, CUR treatment can be used in the mitigation of DOX‐induced testicular toxicity.