Fever and bacteriemia after PCNL are common, through progression to sepsis is rare. Recovery is possible with a high degree of suspicion, early intervention and intensive treatment. The results of cultures taken preoperatively, peroperatively and during the febrile period have great importance for decision of required changes during the treatment.
The 10 core biopsy protocol must be used in all group of patients except patients with a prostate volume of 14.9 to 35 cc. In patients with a prostate volume of 14.9 to 35 cc the 8 core biopsy protocol consisting of the apex, mid gland, lateral mid gland and lateral base can be used since it revealed results similar to those of the 10 core biopsy protocol. The classic sextant biopsy protocol seemed inadequate for all prostate volumes. Patients with a larger prostate had lower cancer detection rates. Transrectal ultrasound directed lesion biopsies may be omitted when using 10 core biopsy protocols since the yield of these biopsies was less than 2%.
The yield of extended 14-core repeat biopsy protocol was higher in patients with previous negative sextant biopsy compared to the patients with previous negative 10-core biopsy. HGPIN history found on previous sextant biopsy was a strong cancer predictor on repeat biopsy; same was not true for the patients with previous 10-core biopsy. The yield of lateral peripheral cores and TZ biopsies were lower in patients with prior negative extended biopsy.
Aim/Purpose Fibroblast activation protein-(FAP)-ligands, a novel class of tracers for PET/CT imaging, demonstrated promising results in previous studies in various malignancies compared to standard [18F]FDG PET/CT. 68Ga-labeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor-([68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI)-PET/CT impresses with sharp contrasts in terms of high tumor uptake and low background noise leading to clear delineation. [18F]FDG PET/CT has limited accuracy in bladder cancer due to high background signal. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the diagnostic potential of [68Ga]FAPI in patients with bladder cancer. Material and Methods This retrospective analysis consisted of 8 patients (median age 66), 7 of whom underwent both [68Ga]FAPI and [18F]FDG PET/CT scans with a median time interval of 5 days (range 1–20 days). Quantification of tracer uptake was determined with SUVmax and SUVmean. Furthermore, the tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) was derived by dividing the SUVmax of tumor lesions by the SUVmax of adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and blood pool. Results Overall, 31 metastases were detected in five patients including lymph node metastases (n = 23), bone metastases (n = 4), lung metastases (n = 3), and a peritoneal metastasis (n = 1). In one patient, [68Ga]FAPI demonstrated significant uptake in the primary tumor located in the bladder wall. [68Ga]FAPI-PET/CT demonstrated significantly higher uptake compared to [18F]FDG PET/CT with higher mean SUVmax (8.2 vs. 4.6; p = 0.01). Furthermore, [68Ga]FAPI detected additional 30% (n = 9) lesions, missed by [18F]FDG. TBR demonstrated favorable uptake for [68Ga]FAPI in comparison to [18F]FDG. Significant differences were determined with regard to metastasis/blood pool ([68Ga]FAPI 5.3 vs [18F]FDG 1.9; p = 0.001). Conclusion [68Ga]FAPI-PET/CT is a promising diagnostic radioligand for patients with bladder cancer. This first described analysis of FAP-ligand in bladder cancer revealed superiority over [18F]FDG in a small patient cohort. Thus, this so far assumed potential has to be confirmed and extended by larger and prospective studies.
Prostatectomy is one of the main causes of surgery in aging male population. Besides traditional techniques, novel minimally invasive approaches may also end up with certain complications following prostate surgery. Transurethral procedures may cause iatrogenic urethral trauma. Factors that may influence the development of iatrogenic endoscopic urethral strictures include "electrical dispersion" generated by unipolar current and the "diameter of the instruments" used. Those complications not only bother quality of life of the patients but also may cause various adjunctive procedures with an economical impact.Urethral stricture is the abnormal narrowing of any segment of the urethra surrounded by corpus spongiosum. It specifically means varying degrees of spongiofibrosis that refers to scarring of the corpus spongiosum (1). Any inflammation of the urethra can result in scarring that can lead to a stricture or a narrowing of the urethra. Besides prostate surgery, trauma, infections, tumors or any other cause of scarring may trigger urethral stricture (2). A recent metaanalysis including 732 patients showed that idiopathic and iatrogenic etiologies were by far the most common, accounting for 33% and 33% of all cases, respectively. Inflammatory and posttraumatic etiologies were found in only 15% and 19% of patients, respectively (3).Here, we tried to review the incidence and the basic risk factors that cause urethral stricture following prostate surgery. ÖZÜretral striktür enflamasyona bağlı olarak skarlaşma sonrası üretradaki daralmadır. Elli yaş üzeri erkeklerde benign ve malign hastalıklara bağlı olarak yapılan prostatektomiler oldukça yaygın olarak uygulanmaktadır. Prostatın transüretral rezeksiyonu sonrası farklı serilerde %19'a kadar çıkan oranlarda üretral darlık ve mesane boynu kontraksiyonu görülmektedir. Lazer prostatektomi sonrası üretral darlık prostatın transüretral rezeksiyonuna oranla daha az olarak görülmektedir, yaklaşık olarak %3,6 oranındadır. Açık prostatektomi en eski yöntem olmasına rağmen büyük prostat boyutlu hastalarda oldukça mantıklı bir alternatiftir. Açık prostatektomi sonrası yaklaşık olarak %1,9-4,8 oranında darlık bildirilmiştir. Radikal prostatektomi (RP) lokalize prostat kanseri tedavisinde bütün dünyada en yaygın olarak uygulanan yöntemdir. RP sonrası anastomoz seviyesinde mesane boynu kontraksiyonu olması iyi bilinen bir komplikasyondur ve yaklaşık olarak hastaların %0,4-32'sinde görülmektedir. Darlık büyük oranda endoskopik yöntemlerle tedavi edilmektedir, nadiren komplike olgularda bukkal mukoza greftli üretroplasti gerekebilmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Üretral darlık, prostat cerrahisi, transüretral rezeksiyon, açık prostatektomi, radikal prostatektomi ABSTRACTUrethral stricture is narrowing of the urethra due to inflammation that results in scarring. Prostatectomies for benign and malign prostatic diseases are common surgical procedures among men mainly after their fifties. Urethral stricture or bladder neck contraction following transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)...
The aim of this clinical study was to determine whether there is a relationship between total serum testosterone, free testosterone, FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone), LH (Luteinizing Hormone) and serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels. We postulated that such a correlation existed then the use of hormone specific reference ranges might enhance the usefullness of PSA concentrations <2.5 ng/mL as a marker for prostate cancer.Prior to digital rectal examination, serum was obtained from all patients between 8.30-10:00 AM for hormone and PSA concentrations. The study was performed on 210 male patients >40 years of age visiting our urology outpatient clinics. PSA was correlated to age (r = 0.23, p = 0.019), but there none between serum testosterone and age. No significant correlation was noted between testosterone or free testosterone and serum PSA levels, and none between serum FSH or LH and PSA. In age specific reference groups (41-49; 50-59; 60-69 years), we found no significant correlation between PSA and hormone concentrations.In this population of eugonadal men with serum PSA values less than 2.5 ng/ml, serum androgens and pituitary hormones do not appear to correlate with serum PSA.
Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of patients who were incidentally diagnosed with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) during percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) surgery. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 1,406 patients who underwent PCNL for the removal of renal calculi. Tumoral lesions detected during diagnostic cystourethroscopy and nephroscopy were endoscopically resected and the resected specimens were sent to the pathology laboratory for definitive diagnosis. Results: Tumoral lesions were detected with cystoscopic examination in 6 patients and with nephroscopy in 4. Pathological examination of the lesions in the kidneys revealed stage T1G1 TCC in 2 patients, T1G3 TCC with carcinoma in situ in 1, and high-grade TCC with sarcomatoid features in 1 patient. The patient with sarcomatoid features died 2 months after surgery and all the other patients survived with no evidence of disease at the end of 26.67 ± 18.58 months of follow-up. Conclusions: Since early diagnosis and management of urothelial lesions significantly improves the prognosis, a careful examination of urothelial mucosa during PCNL surgery is important. Instant diagnosis of a sarcomatoid component and imperative surgical intervention may be life-saving.
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