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-Phthalates, such as butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), and their known to obstruct normal development in mammals. BBP and DBP have been reported to have estrogenic activity, while MBP and MBzP exhibit weak or no estrogenic effects. We previously showed that BBP and DBP have inhibitory roles on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are widely distributed and have roles in developmental processes. In this study, the effects of BBP, DBP, induced [Ca 2+ ] c increase, the IC 50 s of BBP, DBP, MBzP and MBP were 3.41, 5.01, 432 and 695 microM -2+ ] c increase, the suppression was less than --cium signaling pathway coupled to nicotinic receptors.

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