No abstract

Cultivation of Torulopsis bombicola ATCC 22214 on a mixture of glucose and oleic acid (A) or oleic acid alone (B) produced large amounts of sophorose lipids. In the case of A, 38 g/1 of crude product were finally isolated; fermentation B led to 77 g/1. After separation by MPLC and TLC, six glycolipids were obtained and identified by NMR and fast atom bombardment‐mass spectrometry (FAB‐MS). In general, a 17‐hydroxyocta‐decanoic acid at the C‐1’ ‐position and acetate groups at the C‐6’ ‐and C‐6’ ‐positions of sophorose were found as substituents in the lactone and acidic forms of these lipids. The composition of product from A was as follows: 62% of sophorolipid 1’,4’ ‐lactone 6’ ,6’ ‐diacetate (SL‐1), 4% of sophorolipid 1’,4’‐lactone 6’‐monoacetate (SL‐2), 4% of sophorolipid 1’,4 ’‐lactone (SL‐3), 4% of sophorolipid 1’,6’‐and l’,6’‐lactones (SL‐4a,b), 4% of sophorolipid 6’‐monoacetate acid (SL‐5), 4% of sophorolipid acid (SL‐6) and finally 17% of other lipids. In B, the principal lactone (40%) had a double bond in the fatty acid moiety; the other components were identical with the above products. Yields of 13% SL‐2 and of 35% lipids containing no carbohydrate were significant. SL‐1 was deacetylated to SL‐3 (yield: 25‐307c) using acetyl‐esterase in a two‐phase system (cyclohexane/water).

Bis(diphenylphosphino)methan bildet 1:2‐Komplexe mit AuCl, Aul und AuCH3 (1a–c). Auch von 2,2‐Bis(diphenylphosphino)propan kann ein analoger AuCl‐Komplex erhalten werden (2a). Zusätzlich zur üblichen analytischen und spektroskopischen Charakterisierung werden Au‐Mößbauer‐ und Au‐ESCA‐Spektren aufgenommen und von 1a eine Röntgenstrukturanalyse angefertigt. Die Ergebnisse sind wegen des kurzen, aber nichtbindenden AuAu‐Abstandes von Interesse.

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Four extracellular glycolip id s p rod u ced under g r o w th -lim itin g c o n d itio n s w ere iso la ted from the culture broth o f Pseudomonas spec. D SM 2874. A fter p u r ific a tio n by c o lu m n and th ick -la y er chrom atography they were id en tified as a n io n ic rh a m n o lip id s. 'H and '3C -N M R stu d ie s sh o w e d that two o f these, /? (/? (2 -0 -a -L -rh a m n o p y ra n o sy lo x y )d eca n o y l)d eca n o ic a cid and /?(/?(2-0-a-Lrh a m n o p y ran osyl-x-L -rh am n op yran osyloxy)d ecan oyloxy)d ecan oic acid , w ere id en tica l w ith c o m pounds described previously, w h ile the other m ore h y d r o p h ilic c o m p o u n d s, /? (2 -0 -a -L -r h a m n op yranosyloxy)decanoic acid and /? (2 -0 -a -L -r h a m n o p y ra n o sy l-ix -L -rh a m n o p y ra n o sy lo x y )d e ca n o ic acid, were new com pounds. Surface and interfacial activity o f the organic crude extract and o f the purified com ponents were determined in different aqueous solutions. The pH -dependence o f surface and interfacial properties o f the two previously described rham nolipids (4, 20. 23) were exam ined in TeorellStenhagen-buffer (supplemented with 10% N aC l) at pH 3.0 and pH 9.0. All rham nolipids reduced the surface-tension from 72 to about 30 m N / m and the interfacial-tension from 42 to about 1 m N /m . The critical m icelle concentrations were o f the order o f 5 to 200 mg/1 depending on the structure o f the molecule.