Opportunistic bacteria that cause life-threatening infections are still a central problem associated with a healthcare setting. Bacteriophage capsid immobilization on nanostructured polymers maximizes its tail exposure and looks promising in applications toward skin-infections as alternative to antibiotics standardly used. The main goal of this work was to investigate the covalent immobilization of vB_Pae_Kakheti25 bacteriophage capsid on polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers (non-woven textile), as a potential effective antimicrobial, laundry resistant and non-toxic dressing for biomedical use. Surface analyses showed that the immobilization of vB_Pae_Kakheti25 bacteriophage capsid on PCL nanofibres oriented bacteriophage tails to interact with bacteria. Furthermore, antimicrobial assays showed a very effective 6 log bacterial reduction, which was equivalent to 99.9999%, after immediate and 2 hours of contact, even following 25 washing cycles (due to covalent bond). The activity of PCL-vB_Pae_Kakheti25 against P. aeruginosa was immediate and its reduction was complete.
A novel dressing material-silk fibroin fabric (SF)-l-Cysteine (l-Cys)-is here developed to be used as standard treatment for atopic dermatitis (AD), which combines comfort, thermic, and tensile strength properties of silk materials with antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of l-Cys. A careful understanding about the linking strategies is needed in order not to compromise the bioavailability of l-Cys and deplenish its bioactivity. Durability was also addressed through washing cycles and compared with hospital requirements, according to international Standard EN ISO 105-C06:2010. The present research also analyze the interactions between Staphylococcus aureus and SF-l-Cys under simulating conditions of AD and demonstrated the effectiveness of a double covalent grafting, with the importance of SF tyrosine (Tyr) covalent linkage with l-Cys (SF-g-l-Cys/Tyr-g-l-Cys) even after several washing cycles, twenty five, whereas for a disposable application a single covalent mechanism of grafting l-Cys proved to be sufficient (SF-g-l-Cys). Results showed effective antimicrobial activities exhibiting higher inhibition ratios of 98.65% for SF-g-l-Cys after 5 washing cycles, whereas 97.55% for SF-g-l-Cys/Tyr-g-l-Cys after 25 washing cycles, both at pH 9.5 grafting strategy. Furthermore, it is also reported a non-protumoral effect of l-Cys. A new advance is herein achieved at the world of medical antimicrobial textiles tailored to address wound moisture environment and exudate self-cleaning, which may open novel applications as complementary therapy for AD disease.
Hospital isolation gowns are increasingly competitive, with brands and manufacturers contesting consumer preferences. The textile materials in contact with the skin can acquire secretions and multiresistant microorganisms, causing discomfort and health risks, respectively. A new nanofibrous substratepolypropylene grafted with L-Cys-was developed with an increased crystallinity, providing its surface with-SH hooks necessary to efficiently cross-link the antimicrobial peptide Cys-LC-LL-37 in order to protect against nosocomial pathogens and their spread to community. Furthermore, this application does not require environmental control of humidity, and it is not susceptible to enzyme and microorganism degradation.
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