Ankle sprains are commonly related to sporty activities and often associated with decreases in sensorimotor control, including proprioception, muscle strength and balance. The use of unstable surfaces in the fields of rehabilitation and general fitness has been shown to be effective in increasing the sensory efficiency of soft tissues that stabilize the knee and ankle as well as improving the agonist-antagonist co-contraction. The aim of this study was to analyze the EMG activity of the ankle muscles -the tibialis anterior (TA), peroneus longus (PL) and medial head of the gastrocnemius (GM) during proprioceptive exercises using the BOSU compared to other devices traditionally used (balance platform, trampoline and proprioceptive disk). Eleven male volunteers were recruited and data collection was performed using single differential surface electrodes. The EMG signal was recorded and expressed as root mean square, which was normalized by the maximum voluntary isometric contraction. The data were subjected to parametric statistical analysis, using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures. The results showed that the BOSU provided greater activity in the ankle muscles than the most proprioceptive devices, accordingly, the BOSU is a device that should be employed to diversify programs of prevention/rehabilitation for lower limb injuries, preferentially in advanced stages of these approaches.

Introduction: Proprioception is a term used to describe all the neural information originated from the proprioceptors of the joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments and capsules, which is sent via afferent pathways to the central nervous system. EMG is the study of muscle function through the investigation of the electrical signal emanated from the muscle and it is also the study of the motor unit activity. Objective: To perform electromyographic analysis of the rectus femoris (RF) and tibialis anterior (TA) in different proprioceptive exercises (disc Freeman and rocker) with eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC). Methods: The analysis was conducted with 10 physically active male subjects, in a collection time of 10 seconds on each device with eyes both open and closed. Results: Thus, according to our findings, significant difference is observed when the proprioceptive exercises are performed with eyes open and closed, obtaining higher muscle activation, according to the electromyographic analysis, in the exercises with eyes closed, highlighting the importance of the visual system and how it interferes in the body's position when it is subjected to balance changes caused by the studied devices. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that the rectus femoris muscle did not show evident significant differences between the rocker and Freeman disc, as well as when the exercise was performed with eyes open or closed. The significant difference occurred was between the EO and EC Rocker and between Rocker EO and disk Freeman EC. Since the tibialis anterior muscle showed greater differences, especially with eyes closed, regardless of the device, which showed no significant differences between them.

Silva, FHO, Arantes, FJ, Gregorio, FC, Santos, FRA, Fidale, TM, Bérzin, F, Bigaton, DR, and Lizardo, FB. Comparison of the electromyographic activity of the trunk and rectus femoris muscles during traditional crunch and exercise using the 5-minute Shaper device. J Strength Cond Res 34(1): 1–10, 2020—Different training devices are available to trigger greater activation of the abdominal muscles compared with that achieved during traditional abdominal exercises. This study aimed to compare the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the upper and lower rectus abdominis, external oblique abdominis, erector spinae, and rectus femoris (RF) muscles during traditional crunch and exercise using the 5-minute Shaper device. A convenience sample of 15 healthy men (mean ± SD; age: 23.65 ± 4.49 years, body fat percentage: 14.26 ± 3.56%) was selected. All men regularly participated in physical activity. Electromyographic data were collected for 5 repetitions of each abdominal exercise (traditional crunch and exercise using the 5-minute Shaper device at beginner, intermediate, advanced, and extreme levels) in a randomized and counterbalanced manner. Data were collected using simple differential surface electrodes and analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance (p < 0.05). Electromyographic signals were quantified using a root-mean-square analysis and normalized using the maximum voluntary isometric contraction. Traditional crunch produced greater or similar EMG activity in the abdominal muscles and minimized RF activity compared to the 5-minute Shaper device, hence, traditional crunch is preferred for training, especially for individuals with weak abdominal musculature and lower back problems. Therefore, the use of the 5-minute Shaper device may be questioned when it is intended to intensify the activity of the abdominal muscles; however, this apparatus may be used if greater variations in training are desired, depending on individual preferences.

Estudou-se a origem e distribuição do nervo isquiático em 31 fetos de suínos da linhagem Pen Ar Lan, sendo 22 machos e nove fêmeas, após ser fixados em solução aquosa de formaldeído a 10%. Nesses, animais, as vértebras lombares variaram de cinco a sete, com predominância de seis, o que contribuiu para variações na origem do referido nervo. O nervo isquiático originou-se em 80,64% dos antímeros, do ramo ventral do quinto nervo espinhal lombar (L5); em 96,77% de L6; em 6,45% de L7; em 100% de S1; e em 64,51% de S2. A composição do referido nervo ocorreu em 45,16% dos animais pela união de L5,

ResumoEstudou-se um par de rins de cachorro do mato (Cerdocyon thous), obtido de um animal fêmea, adulto, no qual foram injetados através das artérias renais, vinylite dissolvido em acetona e corado, em seguida submetidos ao processo de corrosão ácida (ácido sulfúrico 30%). Os modelos vasculares assim obtidos permitem afirmar que: a) as artérias setoriais, ramos da divisão primária das artérias renais, aparecem em número de dois, tanto no rim direito como no rim esquerdo. b) no rim direito, a artéria renal direita emite uma a artéria setorial cranial que supre a região dorsocranial do órgão. Uma artéria setorial caudal surge da artéria renal direita para irrigar as regiões, dorsocaudal, ventrocaudal e ventrocranial deste rim. c) do rim esquerdo, a artéria renal esquerda fornece uma artéria setorial dorsal, que atende a região dorsocranial

ResumoNeste estudo foram analisadas por meio da dissecação a origem e distribuição do nervo supra-escapular em 30 fetos de bovinos azebuados. As peças foram ¿ xadas em solução aquosa de formaldeído a 10%, mediante diferentes pontos de injeções subcutâneas, intravenosa, intramusculares e intracavitárias e, em seguida, foi feita a imersão em recipientes com a mesma solução. O nervo supra-escapular apresentou simetria em relação à sua origem em 30 animais (100%) e originou-se em 56 antímeros (93,34%) de C6 e C7 (47,67% à direita e 47,67% à esquerda), em quatro antímeros (6,66%) de C6, C7 e C8 (3,33% à direita e 3,33% à esquerda) e cedeu ramos para os músculos supra-espinhal e infra-espinhal em 100% dos casos. Não houve diferença signi¿ cativa entre a frequência dos ramos musculares cedidos pelo referido nervo para os antímeros direito e esquerdo e ainda em relação ao sexo dos fetos na presente investigação. Palavras-chave: Nervos espinhais, Plexo braquial, Sistema nervoso AbstractOrigin and distribution of the suprascapularis nerve in zebu-crossed bovine fetuses. This study, performed through means of dissection process, looked at the origin and distribution of the suprascapular nerve

Leucine is a regulator of protein metabolism in vivo and information on its action on effort tolerance of both animals and humans with hyperthyroidism is scarce. The objective of the present study was to verify the influence of leucine supplementation on the effort tolerance of Wistar rats with experimental hyperthyroidism. 40 animals were divided into four groups of ten: control (C), hormone (H), leucine (L), and hormone + leucine (HL). Hyperthyroidism was induced by daily administration of 20 μ⋅g100 g-1 of levothyroxine sodium in aqueous suspension by gavage. Leucine was supplemented by adding 5% of the amino acid to the conventional feed. The animals’ blood was collected by cardiac puncture to analyze TSH, T4, and T3 levels. The effort tolerance was determined by the swimming test with a 7% load attached to animals’ tails. Statistical analysis was performed using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, followed by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) of repeated measures of two factors (treatment × time) and Tukey post hoc, with a significance level of p < 0.05. Administering thyroid hormone increased the swimming performance of rats after 14 and 21 days, but with a drop in performance at 28 days. The HL group, on the other hand, had a significantly higher swimming performance compared to the other groups after 28 days of treatment. Leucine supplementation associated with the experimental model of hyperthyroidism improved the performance of rats in a swimming test after 28 days of treatment.

Objetivo: Analisar e comparar a atividade eletromiográfica (domínio temporal e espectral) dos músculos reto do abdome, oblíquo externo do abdome, oblíquo interno do abdome, eretor da espinha e multífido no exercício prancha ventral em superfície instável: bosu normal e invertido, durante 45 segundos de contração isométrica. Método: Quinze voluntários, adultos jovens, saudáveis e fisicamente ativos (21.73 ± 1.31 anos, estatura 177.10 ± 3.90 cm; 74.27 ± 5.38 kg, e 10.97 ± 1.60 % gordura corporal), sem histórico de lombalgia. O sinal eletromiográfica foi analisado no domínio temporal e espectral em três etapas distintas em cada exercício: Início (ETAPA A: 5 a 10 segundos), meio (ETAPA B: 20 a 25 segundos) e fim (ETAPA C: 40 a 45 segundos) e normalizado pela contração isométrica voluntária máxima. Utilizou eletrodos de superfície diferenciais simples com ganho de 20 vezes. No tratamento estatístico foi aplicado teste ANOVA two-way, com post hoc de Sidak (p<0.05). Resultados: Foi demonstrada similaridade na atividade eletromiográfica no domínio temporal de todos os músculos comparando bosu normal e invertido. Além disso, os resultados exibiram aumento da atividade eletromiográfica e redução da frequência mediana (slope negativo) durante as diferentes etapas em ambos os exercícios. Conclusão: Devido à similaridade de atividade eletromiográfica, a escolha da utilização da bosu normal ou invertido não se difere para indivíduos treinados, entretanto, a escolha do tempo de 45 segundos é uma estratégia interessante para aumentar a atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos do core e trabalhar a resistência à fadiga muscular, fatores imprescindíveis para prevenção de lombalgia.