An adult male of a newly discovered strepsipteran species from Brazil-Bahiaxenos relictus-is described. A new family Bahiaxenidae is suggested based on cladistic analyses of comprehensive morphological data sets with a broad taxon sampling including the stem group. It is unambiguously placed as the sister group of all other extant families of Strepsiptera. Bahiaxenos relictus is the only species of basal, i.e. non-stylopidian, Strepsiptera occurring in the New World. It appears to be a relict taxon that has survived in the fossil sand dunes of the Sa˜o Francisco River (Bahia State). The loss of the 8th antennomere and the greatly reduced labrum are autapomorphies of Strepsiptera s.s. excluding Bahiaxenidae. The sister group relationship between Protoxenidae and the remaining Strepsiptera, and between Cretostylops and a clade comprising Mengea and Strepsiptera s.s., is confirmed, as is the monophyly of Stylopidia and Stylopiformia.

A list of species of butterflies from Serra da Jibóia, a mountainous massif in the Recôncavo of Bahia State, is presented based on specimens deposited in the entomological collection Prof. Johann Becker of Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (MZUEFS), results that should contribute with the increment of biodiversity knowledge of the butterfly fauna of the State. The list includes 140 species, 86 of which are new records to Bahia and a new species of genus of Perophthalma Westwood (Riodinidae). Nymphalidae was the richest family with 60 species. Most of the species listed in the present work has a widely geographic distribution in Brazil and occur in open areas. Borboletas (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea e Hesperioidea) da Serra da Jibóia, Bahia, Brasil Resumo. Uma lista das espécies de borboletas da Serra da Jibóia, um maciço montanhoso no Recôncavo baiano, é apresentada com base no exame da coleção entomológica Prof. Johann Becker do Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (MZUEFS), visando contribuir para o conhecimento da fauna de borboletas do estado da Bahia. A lista inclui 140 espécies, das quais 86 espécies são novos registros para o estado da Bahia e uma nova espécie do gênero of Perophthalma Westwood (Riodinidae). Nymphalidae foi a família de maior riqueza com 60 espécies. A maioria das espécies listadas possui ampla distribuição geográfica no Brasil e ocorre em áreas abertas.

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Abstract:The knowledge of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea) diversity in Caatinga biome is incipient when compared to the others Brazilian's biomes. Areas considered as priorities for biodiversity conservation in the Caatinga still remain with poor knowledge about their lepidopteran fauna diversity such as the Chapada Diamantina. A study of the diversity of butterflies supported by Programa de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade to the Semiarid region (PPBio) was carried out in two areas considered as priorities for biodiversity conservation in the Caatinga from Bahia State, Morro do Chapéu and Senhor do Bonfim located in the northern portion of the Chapada Diamantina. The samples were realized in dry seasons. A total of 169 species was identified and two of them are new species. Nymphalidae was richest among others butterflies families with 82 species. Two species were registered as endemic to Caatinga.

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Primeiro Registro e Descrição de uma Espécie Nova de Sycorax Curtis (Diptera: Psychodidae, Sycoracinae) da Amazônia Brasileira RESUMO -Sycorax longispinosa sp. nov. é descrita da Serra do Cachorro, estado do Pará. Essa espécie nova constitui o primeiro registro do gênero na Amazônia brasileira. É apresentada uma chave de identificação para machos das espécies neotropicais de Sycorax. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Taxonomia, díptero, Neotropical, Sycorax longispinosaABSTRACT -Sycorax longispinosa sp. nov. is described from Serra do Cachorro, Pará State, Brazil. This new species is the first record of the genus from the Brazilian Amazon. An identification key for males of species of Sycorax from the neotropical region is presented.

Two new species of Brazilian Psychoda Latreille are described, and Psychoda alternata Say and P. zetoscota Quate are recorded for the first time from Brazil. Psychoda divaricata Duckhouse, already described from southern Brazil, was recorded in the northeastern part of that country, as well as in the eastern Amazon region. The supraspecific classification proposed for the species of Psychoda according to Quate (= Psychodini of Jeñek) are discussed. A new classification is suggested that considers only one genus, Psychoda, divided into 12 subgenera: subgenus Psychoda Latreille, subgenus Copropsychoda Vaillant, subgenus Falsologima Jeñek & Harten, subgenus Psychodula Jeñek, subgenus Psychomora Jeñek, subgenus Psychana Jeñek & Harten, subgenus Logima Eaton, subgenus Tinearia Schellenberg, subgenus Chodopsycha Jeñek, subgenus Ypsydocha Jeñek, subgenus Psychodocha Jeñek, and subgenus Psycha Jeñek. A list of the Psychoda species from Latin America and the Caribbean region is presented.

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