Background Pharmacists play a fundamental role in healthcare systems and achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC) through quality primary healthcare service provision. While the World Health Organization (WHO) forecasts a global shortage of health workforce by 2030, mainly affecting low- and middle-income nations (LMICs), limited published literature is found regarding pharmacy workforce capacity in LMICs, including Indonesia. This paper aims to analyse pharmacists’ capacity in Indonesia to identify emerging workforce planning gaps for future workforce planning and policies in Indonesia. Method Several data sources were accessed, including a database from the National Pharmacy Committee and the professional leadership body in Indonesia. Descriptive (frequencies, percentages, and mean), correlational and time-series analysis using curve estimation were conducted. Secondary data on the number of programmes, pharmacy students, pharmacy workforce (pharmacists and pharmacy technicians) per province were obtained from the Ministry websites and reports. Result There were a total of 77 191 registered pharmacists in Indonesia in 2019. The pharmacists’ pyramid showed a youth bulge as a general indication of market expansion in the education sector correlating to the pharmacy programme’s number and size. There was a variation in pharmacy workforce density and access to pharmacy programmes across islands, which also were strongly correlated. Forecasting estimates that by 2030, women will represent around 86% of pharmacists in Indonesia. More female pharmacists were found working in the hospital and primary healthcare (providing direct services to patients) than male pharmacists. Younger pharmacists worked in the industrial sector, while older pharmacists worked in governmental and educational institutions. Conclusion This study signposted workforce planning gaps for policy development in Indonesia, including a need to develop structured training to support early career pharmacists in their practice. There is also a need for better access to professional development programmes designed to support female pharmacists return to the regulated workforce following career breaks. National policy to promote equitable distribution and retention of pharmacists is recommended.

Social interventions such as psychoeducation, in conjunction with appropriate antipsychotic medications, positively impact schizophrenic patients’ recovery. The aim of this 12-week study was to compare standard Indonesian mental healthcare for schizophrenia with psychoeducation-enriched care for family members, investigating both family and patient parameters. Sixty-four family participants meeting pre-set criteria were recruited from various online Indonesian community forums, social media, seminars/gathering events, and inpatient visits. Each family member was the main care provider for one patient with a schizophrenia diagnosis. Family participants were randomly allocated to one of two groups (control or intervention); both groups received equal personal time and attention from staff but the control group lacked the specific psychoeducational aspect of the intervention. In comparison with the control group, pre- and post-evaluation revealed significant positive effects in the intervention group for illness perception (F(ave) = 124.85; d(ave) = 2.72) and expressed emotion (OR(ave) = 0.39) among family members. For the patients, there was a significant positive effect on medication adherence (F(1, 62) = 21.54; p < 0.001, d(intervention) = 1.31) if their family members were in the intervention group. Partial least-squares path modeling revealed that low expressed emotion in family members was positively correlated with high medication adherence (β = −0.718; p < 0.001) in patients. This study provides evidence for the patient and family benefits of family psychoeducation on schizophrenia in a diverse Indonesian population.

Introduction: According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) in 2019, it is predicted that the number of people with diabetes mellitus (DM) will increase by 51% in 2045 globally. DM leads to complications in all parts of the body and affects the quality of life. Prevention of complications has been carried out by Indonesian Health Insurance (BPJS) through the Chronic Disease Management Program (PROLANIS), with the aim that chronic disease participants can achieve optimal quality of life, one of which is marked by controlled blood sugar levels. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of PROLANIS on patient compliance in taking the medication and controlling the patient's blood sugar. Method: The research method used an observation design for two groups of type 2 DM patients, (1) patients who participated in the Chronic Disease Management Program and (2) patients who did not follow the Chronic Disease Management Program, to then analyze the level of adherence and blood sugar levels on day 0. and the 30th. Data analysis using Chi-square test. Results and discussion: The results of this study showed that on the 30th day, the blood sugar levels of the two groups of patients with type 2 diabetes were different (p=0.019), the risk of uncontrolled blood sugar levels in the group taking the Chronic Disease Management Program was 0.53 times lower than the group. who did not follow the program (risk ratio=0.53). Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is a relationship between patient participation in the Chronic Disease Management Program and medication adherence so that it has an impact on controlling the patient's blood sugar levels.

Background: A professional recognition system is defined as a quality assured process that recognises an individual's achievement of the completion of knowledge and skills in a particular area or stage of practice. There is an increased interest in professional recognition system development worldwide. Objective: This study aims to explore perceptions from practising pharmacists regarding their interests, perceived benefits and methods of the professional recognition system. Methods: Forty-three pharmacists participated in interviews or group discussions. The topic guide includes questions on (1) pharmacists interest, (2) the perceived benefits, and (3) the method of implementing the professional recognition system. The transcriptions were analysed thematically. Results: Participants showed an interest in developing a professional recognition system in Indonesia. A system where pharmacists could be recognised socially and financially would motivate pharmacists to advance in their practice. This system would increase the recognition of pharmacists to other health professionals and to society. A combination of several methods was recommended in order to support a credible and transparent system, for example, through a combination of peer review and portfolio. Conclusion: In general, the professional recognition system was perceived to be beneficial for pharmacists, other stakeholders, society and the profession. A national transparent, credible and flexible method that is adaptable to the workplace is recommended.