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on behalf of the SENS Working Group. The effects of a high-protein, high-calorie, fiber-and fructooligosaccharide-enriched enteral formula on nutritional status, bowel habits and tolerance: Safety and Effectiveness of Enteral Nutrition in elderly Spanish patients (SENS Study ResumenIntroducción: la nutrición enteral es una intervención efectiva para pacientes desnutridos o en riesgo de sufrir desnutrición. Sin embargo, puede desencadenar complicaciones como intolerancia gastrointestinal, hiperglicemia o síndrome de realimentación. Objetivo: investigar los efectos de una fórmula de nutrición enteral por sonda en el estado nutricional y bioquímico, hábitos gastrointestinales y seguridad de los pacientes. Metodología: estudio observacional, prospectivo y multicéntrico. Se incluyeron pacientes ≥ 18 años, desnutridos o en riesgo de desnutrición, tributarios de recibir una fórmula de nutrición enteral hipercalórica, hiperproteica, y rica en fibra y fructooligosacáridos. Los pacientes fueron evaluados durante 8 semanas en 3 visitas (V1, inicial; V2, 4 semanas; V3, 8 semanas). Resultados: entre V1 y V2 se observó un incremento estadísticamente significativo en peso (1,5 kg), índice de masa corporal (0,6 kg/m 2 ) e ingesta calórica (59,7 kcal/día). Entre V1 y V3, existió un descenso en el porcentaje de pacientes con valores anormales de glucosa, potasio, proteína total y albúmina. Los hábitos intestinales se mantuvieron estables durante el estudio (1,1 deposiciones diarias de media). Conclusión: la fórmula fue segura, tolerada, y mejoró el estado nutricional del paciente sin alterar los hábitos intestinales. AbstractBackground: Enteral nutrition (EN) is an effective nutritional intervention for patients at risk of malnutrition or malnourished. However, complications such as gastrointestinal intolerance, hyperglycemia or refeeding syndrome can be triggered by EN. Aim: To investigate the effects of a tube feeding formula (TFF) on patients' nutritional status, biochemical status, bowel habits and safety. Methodology: Observational, prospective and multicenter study. Patients ≥ 18 years, undernourished or at nutritional risk, who were prescribed a high-calorie, high-protein, fiber-fortified TFF were included. Patients were evaluated over a period of eight weeks (baseline [V1], four weeks [V2] and eight weeks [V3]). Results: A statistically significant increase in weight (1.5 kg), body mass index (0.6 kg/m 2 ) and nutritional intake (59.7 kcal/day) was observed between V1 and V2. Between V1 and V3, there was a statistically significant decrease in the percentage of individuals with abnormal biochemical markers for glucose, potassium, total protein and albumin. The number of patients' bowel movements remained stable throughout the study with a mean of 1.1 daily bowel movements. Conclusion: The TFF was safe and well tolerated, improving patients' nutritional status without altering patients' bowel habits.

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Background: Cancer negatively affects nutritional status, causing changes in body composition, functional status, and quality of life (QoL). The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a specific oral nutritional supplement (ONS) enriched in EPA, DHA, leucine, and β-glucans on the nutritional status, body composition, functional status, and QoL of patients with cancer and malnutrition. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, controlled, multicenter clinical trial was conducted in patients with cancer and malnutrition during outpatient treatment. Patients were randomized to receive either a specific high-calorie (400 kcal per package), high-protein (20 g/package) ONS enriched with leucine, EPA, DHA, and β-glucans or an isocaloric, isonitrogenous standard ONS for eight weeks. Malnutrition was diagnosed using the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), body composition was evaluated using bioimpedance, and QoL was assessed using the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scale. Results: 57 patients were recruited and 37 completed the intervention period (19 in the enhanced ONS group and 18 in the standard ONS group). There were no differences between the groups in terms of baseline characteristics. After the nutritional intervention, patients who received the enhanced ONS showed a significant increase in muscle mass, which was not detected with the standard ONS [1.92 (4.31) kg vs -0.68 (1.45) kg); p=0.009)], and there was no significant reduction in the percentage of patients with severe and moderate malnutrition. In both groups, fewer patients had the worst ECOG score. Conclusion: an enhanced ONS enriched in EPA, DHA, leucine, and β-glucans increases muscle mass and could promote nutritional and functional status recovery in patients with cancer and malnourishment. Trial registration: NCT04184713

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