The objective of this paper is analysis of the changing socio-spatial situation of immigrants in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area during the 1990s. The theoretical framing of this analysis is built on several bases: the metropolitan area's particular urban history and planning processes; the post-industrial features which are common to Southern European cities; the nature of the welfare system; and the specific characteristics of the Lisbon housing market. The analysis explores the links between the circumstances of different immigrant groups and contemporary urban social processes, such as polarisation, exclusion, residential segregation, and fragmentation of the urban social fabric. Regarding differential effects and processes across immigrant groups, two dimensions of comparison can be stressed: the distinction between the labour immigrants, mainly from Portuguese-speaking African countries, and highly-qualified migrants from the European Union; and a further distinction between the 'first wave' of labour migrants from Africa, whose numbers grew sharply after the decolonisation process of the mid-1970s, and whose migration still continues, and a 'second wave' made up mainly of East Europeans, Brazilians and some Asian groups, who arrived after 1999Asian groups, who arrived after -2000
This paper describes a general framework alternative to the traditional surveys that are commonly performed to estimate, for statistical purposes, the areal extent of predefined land cover classes across Europe. The framework has been funded by Eurostat and relies on annual land cover mapping and updating from remotely sensed and national GIS-based data followed by area estimation. Map production follows a series of steps, namely data collection, change detection, supervised image classification, rule-based image classification, and map updating/generalization. Land cover area estimation is based on mapping but compensated for mapping error as estimated through thematic accuracy assessment. This general structure was applied to continental Portugal, successively updating a map of 2010 for the following years until 2015. The estimated land cover change was smaller than expected but the proposed framework was proved as a potential for statistics production at the national and European levels. Contextual and structural methodological challenges and bottlenecks are discussed, especially regarding mapping, accuracy assessment, and area estimation.
A compreensão da organização das metrópoles passa cada vez mais pela interpretação de um território metropolitano que não se esgote na aglomeração central, mas inclua territórios mais periféricos, funcionalmente integrados. Neste artigo, procurou-se identificar as alterações na organização dos sistemas metropolitanos de Lisboa e Porto, caracterizando as principais (dis)similaridades entre ambos, adoptando como ponto de partida espaços de análise que ultrapassam os limites administrativos da AML e da AMP. A análise, centrada nas alterações recentes dos padrões de distribuição da população e do emprego e na estrutura dos movimentos casa-trabalho, aponta para uma complexificação do funcionamento dos dois sistemas metropolitanos, com Lisboa a evidenciar um estado de maturação mais avançado que o Porto.
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