La cinética microbiana y enzimática son factores importantes durante la degradación aerobia de la fracción orgánica de los residuos sólidos urbanos, estas dependen principalmente de la temperatura de incubación y las tasas de aireación. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el proceso de degradación aerobia, por múltiples variables y su combinación para comprender las interacciones entre las tasas de aireación en la degradación aerobia y sus respuestas. Las tasas de aireación se fijaron en 0.032, 0.064, 0.125, 0.251 y 0.392 L de aire húmedo kg-1 min-1 a 35 °C con inóculo. La actividad microbiana se evaluó de forma indirecta por medio de la respirometria; es decir, la generación de CO2 y el consumo de O2. Las actividades enzimáticas extracelulares (es decir, pectinasas, celulasas, xilanasas y proteasas) se cuantificaron mediante la liberación de los azúcares reductores. Los diferentes ensayos se realizaron en la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa en septiembre de 2019. Encontrando una fuerte relación positiva entre la actividad enzimática xilanasa y pectinasa con la pérdida de peso en seco, junto con el aumento de las actividades celulasas y xilanasas a mayores tasas de aireación.
Aerobic degradation of organic fraction of municipal solid waste is the degradation of organic matter by microorganisms in the presence of oxygen. Consequently the aeration rate one of the most important factors in the aerobic degradation. It was working the effect of aeration rate on the aerobic degradation of waste from establishments selling food in Iztapalapa, Mexico City and an industrial composting plant located in Manresa, Catalonia (Spain) were analyzed. Observed that the respiratory rate, respiratory yield and maintenance coefficient oxygen unassociated growth, increased by decreasing the aeration rate. Furthermore, it appreciated that low aeration rates may affect the microbial community, differentiating the populations present, especially in the lower aeration rate. Moreover, the aerobic degradation of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) is favored by increasing aeration rate (vkgm) in the two types of residues analyzed (from food establishments in Iztapalapa, Mexico City and industrial composting plant in Manresa, Catalonia, Spain). The aeration rate less favored tested on oxidative fermentation processes. Using as a criterion aeration rate, the scaling laboratory bioreactors (100g) a pilot bioreactor wet matter 15.81 kg, corresponding to a scale factor of 158.1 was successful. Other important factors in the aerobic degradation are the addition of a microbial consortium and its level of addition, the initial pH, the C/N ratio and temperature. In trials with OFMSW from the sale of food in Iztapalapa, observed that the addition of a microbial consortium increased the rate and total production of CO 2 , if the microbial consortium is active. An initial pH of 6 and a ratio C/N of 30 were found and an addition level of microbial consortium 8 % (w: w) were demonstrated like the best conditions for the aerobic degradation of the OFMSW in terms of formation of CO 2. The best mineralization conditions were found between 30-35 ° C. The constant respiratory rate increased with decreasing temperature. Moreover, aerobic degradation as pre-treatment for anaerobic digestion of OFMSW from an industrial composting plant in Manresa, Catalonia (Spain) was carried out in reactors (10 L) with capacity of 6 kg, using an O 2 controller, which prevented the decrease oxygen concentration below 12% oxygen at the reactor outlet. Observed that the highest rate of oxygen consumption appeared around the fifth day process. Degradación aerobia y digestión anaerobia de la FORSU vii In addition, some enzymatic activities (amylases, cellulases and proteases) similarly increased approximately on the fifth day without loss of volatile solids, and therefore, it was decided to select this day to stop the aerobic process and continuing the anaerobic process. Subsequently, again performed aerobic degradation and performed below the anaerobic digestion, with fresh organic waste added to pre-treated material. Anaerobic digestion showed that the mixture of waste without pre-treat more waste pre-treated increased production rate an...
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