External pH constitutes one of the most important environmental factors that control growth, metabolism and differentiation in microorganisms, including fungi. We have analyzed the effect of external pH on sterigmatocystin biosynthesis in Aspergillus nidulans. It was observed in repeated experiments that alkaline pH, in opposition to acid pH, increased sterigmatocystin production and the transcript levels of aflR, the master gene that regulates expression of the sterigmatocystin cluster in A. nidulans.It is known that pH effects in fungi operate mostly through the Pal/Pac signaling pathway, originally described in Aspergillus nidulans. Accordingly, we studied the role of this signaling pathway in ST biosynthesis. It was observed that aflR transcript levels were increased in the "alkalinity mimicking" mutant pacC c 14 and were minimal in the "acidity mimicking" mutant palA1. No sterigmatocystin was produced by palA1 or pacC-mutants at neither acid or alkaline pH of incubation. Finally, fluG and flbA, genes known to regulate both conidiation and sterigmatocystin synthesis upstream in the regulatory cascade, were up-regulated at alkaline pH.
Resumen. El virus de mosaico de la caña deazúcar (SCMV) es uno de los principales agentes virales que infectan a caña de azúcar (Saccharum spp.). En México la detección del SCMV se ha basado en sintomatología típica de la enfermedad, por lo que la información no es concluyente, además hay poca información sobre su origen filogenético. El análisis filogenético con la secuencia parcial HC-Pro del SCMV aislado de Jalisco (JalMex-126) sugiere una estrecha relación con aislados de la India, Australia, China y Argentina, por lo que probablemente compartan un origen genético común y se hayan dispersado a través de germoplasma de caña de azúcar infectado. Detection ofPalabras clave: caña de azúcar, virus, RNA, filogenia. INTRODUCCIÓNLas enfermedades causadas por fitopatógenos constituyen un factor importante para la producción de caña de azúcar. En México, aproximadamente el 80% de las enfermedades que afectan este cultivo son de origen fúngico, el 20% restante es causado por bacterias, virus y fitoplasmas (CONADESU-CA, 2015). Entre las primeras epidemiologías sobre el cultivo de la caña de azúcar reportadas en el mundo a comienzos del siglo XX están las ocasionadas por virus, causando grandes pérdidas econó-micas (Grisham, 2000). El Virus del mosaico de la caña de azúcar (SCMV), agente causal de la enfermedad del mosaico, es uno de los patógenos virales de mayor importancia económica a nivel mundial (Gonçalves et al., 2012). La enfermedad fue responsable de drásticas epidemias en Argentina, with isolates from India, Australia, China and Argentina, and thus likely share a common genetic origin and have been dispersed to through infected sugarcane germplasm.
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