We examined the degree to which 200-m and 400-m Individual Medley (IM) performance was related to sprint-, middle- and long-distance events before a swimmer reached a Top-20 world ranking. A retrospective longitudinal modelling study was conducted. Data on Top-20 swimmers between 2010 and 2018 were obtained from publicly available websites. A general linear model was used to examine associations between 200-m and 400-mIM performance (FINA ranking points) and performance in sprint, middle-distance and distance events in the previous two years. In the 200-mIM, there were significant associations (p < 0.001) between prior competition results obtained for both the 200-mIM (r = 0.80; β = 0.543) and 400-m IM (r = 0.70; β = 0.317) events before the Top-20 performance in 200-mIM in the year of the Top-20. Sprint distance events were associated (p < 0.006; r = 0.39; β = 0.088) with 200-mIM (t). Each additional 10 FINA points in the 200-mIM in each of the two years preceding the Top-20 performance. were associated with an increase of 5 FINA points in 200-mIM in in the year of the Top-20 (goodness of fit R 2 = 0.70). There were similar associations (p < 0.001) for a Top 20-FINA 400-mIM performance with both 200-mIM (r = 0.72; β = 0.385) and 400-m IM (r = 0.79; β = 0.492) events in the two years before a swimmer reached the Top-20. Middle-distance events were associated with 400-mIM performance (p < 0.001; r = 0.53; β = 0.163). Each additional 10 FINA points in 400-mIM in in each of the two years preceding the Top-20 performance were associated with an increase of 5 FINA points in in the year that a swimmer reached the Top-20 (goodness of fit R 2 = 0.75). The specificity and complexity of the IM require a thorough preparation in this event for world-class performances. The 200-mIM is more closely related to sprint distance events, whereas middle-distance events support preparations for the 400-mIM.
Antecedentes: La natación de competición se realiza en piscina corta (25 m) y larga (50 m). Los nadadores normalmente realizan mejores tiempos en piscina corta debido a la mayor cantidad de virajes, por lo que existe un factor de corrección para transformar las marcas realizadas en piscina a corta a marcas equivalentes en piscina larga. Sin embargo, las diferencias entre piscina corta y largas según el sexo en las pruebas de estilos todavía no se conoce. Objetivo: El principal objetivo de este estudio es analizar las diferencias entre la mejor marca en una prueba de 200 estilos en piscina corta y piscina larga en función del sexo. Método: Para ello, se seleccionaron los mejores tiempos realizados en piscina corta y larga en la prueba de 200 estilos de 100 nadadores nacionales españoles de primer nivel en dos temporadas. Resultados: Se llevó a cabo un análisis de los datos mediante una prueba T de student para muestras independientes. Los resultados muestran que en ambos sexos la mejor marca corresponde a la realizada en piscina corta (p<0,001). A su vez, los nadadores masculinos muestran mayores diferencias frente a las mujeres en la prueba de 200 estilos individual entre piscina corta y piscina larga (p<0,05). Conclusiones: De acuerdo con estos resultados, se sugiere la utilización de un factor de corrección diferente para poder transformar los tiempos entre piscina corta y larga en función del sexo para la prueba de 200 estilos individual. Palabras clave: natación, rendimiento, piscina corta, piscina larga.
Swimming performance achieved in 50-m, 100-m and 200-m events in each swimming stroke could have an influence in the final performance in individual medley events. We sought to quantify the relative contributions of performance in individual stroke events to top-10 world ranked IM competition performance. We examined competition results of top-10 world ranked IM swimmers (90 males and 90 females) between 2012 and 2018. A general linear model was developed to examine association between the 200m- and 400m-IM and predictor variables of competition performance in other 50-m, 100-m and 200-m events. The main predictor variable for 200-mIM medalist status was having scored more than 900 FINA points in at least one 100-m event. Scoring more than 800 FINA points in at least two 200-mIM events, and more than 900 FINA points in at least one 100-m event, was important for success in the 400-mIM. Top-10 world ranked 200-mIM and 400-mIM swimmers require a world class standard in one or more individual stroke event(s).
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