artículos originales0 la alergología en el sistema sanitario público de la comunidad de Madrid: situación actual y oportunidades en el sistema sanitario público del siglo XXi Allergology in the public health service of the Community of Madrid: current situation and opportunities in the XXI century public health system
RESUMENEl empleo con apoyo es una metodología de inserción laboral para personas con discapacidad con amplia evidencia basada en resultados. En el colectivo de personas con enfermedad mental su aplicación es reciente sobre todo en España. El artículo realiza una revisión en este campo extrayendo evidencias de la efectividad y varias implicaciones para la práctica del modelo en el campo de la enfermedad mental en varios niveles.
PALABRAS CLAVE Empleo con apoyo, Enfermedad mental, Rehabilitación laboral.
ABSTRACT
Supported employment is a job integration methodology for persons with disabilities
BACKGROUND: People with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) experience work ability decline through aging and disability (WADAD), conceptualized as the process of deterioration in work ability resulting from the interaction between disability and aging, which has a direct impact on their job. OBJECTIVE: There is a need to focus on how this decline can be detected and to identify the main areas and indicators of WADAD in people with IDD, in order to build a targeted prototype assessment tool to determine a prevention protocol that extends people’s positive working lives for as long as possible. METHODS: We employed a literature review, Delphi panel, and working group through Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment (MOODLE). RESULTS: We created a tool, composed of 76 items, 6 dimensions, and 17 indicators, to assess WADAD in people with IDD. CONCLUSIONS: The indicators identified can be used to develop prevention and/or intervention protocols for WADAD and to produce guidance for the transition toward retirement, specifically for people with IDD. This tool helps extend the satisfying working lives— with support— of people with IDD, promoting social inclusion and participation as workers and not as pensioners.
ResumenEl presente trabajo plantea una aproximación al análisis costebeneficio comparando el empleo con apoyo (ECA) con el centro especial de empleo (CEE), desde la perspectiva de la persona, la empresa y la sociedad. Para ello, se realiza una simulación con una muestra de 24 trabajadores en empleo ordinario mediante ECA y se obtienen datos hipotéticos para los mismos trabajadores si estuviesen en un empleo de similares características en un CEE. Los resultados muestran que los trabajadores en ECA, trabajando las mismas horas, tienen mayores ganancias por hora que en CEE (9,22 € frente a 4,59 €). También, que el ECA genera menor carga social desde la empresa (22,21 %) que el CEE (85,54 %) y que la rentabilidad para la sociedad del ECA es mucho mayor (315,03 %) que la de los CEE (83,14 %). Por ello, las conclusiones del estudio apuntan a que el empleo con apoyo es más ventajoso en términos de coste-beneficio para la persona, la empresa y la sociedad que los centros especiales de empleo.
Palabras claveDiscapacidad, coste-beneficio, empleo con apoyo, centro especial de empleo.
AbstractThis work presents a cost-benefit analysis comparing supported employment (SE) with special employment center (EEC), from an individual, corporate and society perspective. A simulation was carried out with a sample of 24 workers in regular employment by SE and hypothetical data were obtained for the same workers as if they were in a similar job in EEC. The results show that SE workers, working the same amount of hours, have higher hourly earnings than in EEC (9.22 € compared to 4.59 €). The SE also generates less social burden from the company (22.21 %) than EEC (85.54
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