No abstract

No abstract

This work aimed at evaluating the effects of the nutrients on the protein content of cowpea grains. The trial was carried out in completely randomized design, in the Instituto Federal do Ceará (Federal Institute of Ceará), Limoeiro do Norte, Ceará State, Brazil, between October and November 2018. Grains of 10 cowpea cultivars were evaluated about its mineral nutrient phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, chlorine, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, boron, sodium and protein contents. The seeds of the cultivars were obtained from the farmers market in three municipalities of the Ceará State, Brazil, in the crop year 2017. The components of variances within and between families were computed by analysis of variance, and the genetic variance and correlation were therefrom estimated. The statistical analyses of variance, Pearson’s correlation and Path analysis were carried out. The protein content broad sense heritability was 60.47%, and the other cowpea traits evaluated had high broad heritability values, ranging from 49.91% (sulfur content) to 99.69% (zinc content). No mineral nutrient content presented any genotype correlation with protein content, that is, no gene function is related to mineral nutrients and protein accumulation. Potassium (0.44), chlorine (0.38) and calcium (0.35) presented the higher path coefficients in protein of cowpea accumulation but are still weak indices (<0.50) to be indicated for screening. In screening cowpea cultivars for protein content, potassium and related traits are not the most important but present some degree of dependency with protein accumulation in the grains, resulting from path effects.

No abstract

Doses de substrato orgânico na produção de mudas de pimenta dedo de moça Resumo: A matéria orgânica influencia no desenvolvimento das plantas, principalmente nos estádios iniciais de seu desenvolvimento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de doses de esterco sobre o potencial de germinação de sementes de pimenta dedo de moça. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em casa de vegetação na Unidade Experimental de Pesquisa e Extensão (UEPE) do Instituto Federal do Ceará, localizada na Chapada do Apodi, Limoeiro do Norte-Ceará, coordenadas 5°10' S, 38°00' W, altitude 145,9 m. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, os tratamentos foram compostos de esterco e solo nas proporções (%) 0M-100S, 25M-75S, 50M-50S, 75M-25S e 100M-0S. As variáveis avaliadas foram Índice de Velocidade de Emergência (ESI), Taxa de Viabilidade (%VR), Percentagem de Aborto Pós-Emergência (%PEA), Germinação Global (%GG), Altura Total (SH) (cm), Profundidade Radicular (RD) (cm), Comprimento da Parte Aérea (AL) (cm), Número de Folhas (NL), Massa Fresca (FW) e Massa Seca (DW) (g). Palavras-chave: Capsicum baccatum, Desenvolvimento inicial de mudas, Esterco. Doses of organic substrate in the production of red chili pepper seedlings

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of the application of the glyphosate herbicide on seed reserve mobilization and seedling morphology of genetically modified soybean. Two herbicide-tolerant (TMG 1264RR and P98Y11) and two herbicide-sensitive (Emgopa 315 and UFUS 7415) cultivars were selected for the study and subjected to germination, seedling length, and reserve mobilization tests after treatments with glyphosate solutions at the concentrations of 0.00, 0.06, and 0.12%. The hypocotyl/radicle ratio and the efficiency of conversion of reserves to seedlings were also determined. The higher the concentration of glyphosate, the lower the percentage of normal seedlings and the shorter seedling length, mainly in the herbicide-sensitive cultivars. The 'TMG 1264RR' glyphosate-tolerant genotype mobilized more reserves and was more efficient in converting biomass into seedlings. Herbicide application reduced the average length of the seedlings and caused the roots to become shorter than the hypocotyls. During germination, the herbicide changes seedling morphology since the seedling hypocotyl becomes proportionally larger than the radicle. Although, when applied, glyphosate altered the length, weight, and reserve mobilization of the four evaluated genotypes, the most affected were 'Emgopa 315' and 'UFUS 7415', the glyphosate-sensitive ones.

Protein kinases make up a family of enzymes that play a key role in regulating metabolism. In the cucumber species (Cucumis sativus), this family has not yet been fully characterized. Considering its importance in studies of the botanical family Cucurbitaceae, we identified and characterized the complete set of cucumber kinases, including phylogenetic and classification analyses, their genome positions, chemical characterization, and expression through RNA-seq data in response to powdery mildew and Alternaria leaf spot. The cucumber kinome is made up of 831 proteins, widely distributed across the species's seven chromosomes, with the majority located on chromosome three. The kinases were classified into 21 (9 +11 grupos named Others) groups and 125 subfamilies, with the RLK-Pelle group being the most abundant. There was no evidence of gene duplication and it has a smaller genome compared to other species in the botanical family Cucurbitaceae. Our study provides more information to support the understanding about the function PKs and shows how similar PK subfamilies are in composition, their properties and how they are expressed in disease related scenarios.

Germination and initial seedling development are physiological processes that determine the establishment of crops. During heterotrophic growth, each seedling develops from the biomass of its seeds. Thus, verifying the potential of genotypes to mobilize reserves under stress has been important. The aim of this study was to investigate how glyphosate affects the mobilization of reserves and seedling morphology. Two tolerant and two herbicide-sensitive cultivars were submitted to germination, seedling length and reserve mobilization tests, including treatments with glyphosate solutions (0, 0.06 and 0.12 %). The hypocotyl / radicle ratio and the efficiency of conversion of reserves to seedlings were also verified. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and test of means. It was observed that the percentage of normal seedlings and length seedlings were affected due to the concentration of the herbicide in the treatments, being the consequences more pronounced for sensitive cultivars; the glyphosate-tolerant genotype and with the best physiological quality mobilized more reserves and was more efficient in converting biomass to seedlings; in morphology, the average length of the seedlings was reduced due to the herbicide, being the roots affected in such a way that they became smaller than the hypocotyls. The herbicide affects the morphology of the seedlings mainly the radicle, and the mobilization of the reserves discriminates the genotypes regarding tolerance to glyphosate.