The objective of this study is to evaluate the vegetative and productive behavior of kiwifruit trees cv. ‘Elmwood’ submitted to different intensities of pruning, in “Serra Gaúcha” region. Treatments consisted in maintaining different bud load levels in each cane of 10, 15 and 20 buds cane-1. The experiment, carried out during the 2016/2017 vegetative season had a completely randomized design with nine repetitions per treatment. Bud fertility, vegetative, productive and fruit quality features were evaluated. The percentage of mixed buds was higher next to the cane apex in three different treatments, while in the base of each cane ocurred the highest percentage of non sprouting buds. The decrease in the number of buds per cane induced larger leaves and increased leaf dry matter. Longitudinal and transversal diameter of fruits and fruit mass were inversely proportional to the number of buds per cane. Pruning of ‘Elmwood’ kiwifruit tree with different number of buds did not influence the index of real bud fertility, but affected directly leaf and shoot size. Pruning maintaining canes with 10 buds favors the increase of fruit weight and did not reduce productivity.
Since 2010, the Brazilian government has required that dams that fall within the national dam policy must present a safety plan, which, among other topics, must address the definition of the hypotheses and possible disaster scenarios. To achieve it, the flood zone due to an eventual failure must be modeled for the Hazard Potential (Dano Potencial Associado – DPA) classification. The flood zone is the result of complex hydraulic phenomena that are difficult to characterize. Given the demand for DPA analysis and the data unavailability, the National Water Agency (Agência Nacional de Águas - ANA) proposed a simplified methodology for generating the flood zone., This paper proposes a Python implementation for this methodology with a user-friendly Graphical User Interface. Our implementation relies on free and open-source software. The results are similar to those produced by the original implementation and can be generated considerably in less time and with less user interaction.
RESUMO -A estaquia é uma alternativa para propagação de kiwizeiro, seja para a obtenção do porta-enxerto, ou enraizamento direto da variedade copa. Como é um método exclusivamente clonal, não há perda das características agronômicas de interesse. O objetivo foi avaliar o enraizamento de estacas herbáceas de 'Bruno', 'Elmwood' e 'Matua' (Actinidia deliciosa) e 'MG06' (Actinidia chinensis) submetidos a tratamento com Ácido Indolbutírico (AIB). As estacas foram imergidas, na sua base, nas concentrações de zero, 1.000, 2.000, 4.000, 6.000 e 8.000 mgL -1 de AIB. Transcorridos 90 dias, avaliou-se: percentagem de estacas enraizadas, com calos e retenção foliar; comprimento das três maiores raízes; número de raízes e massa da matéria seca de raízes. O enraizamento de 'MG06' é superior a 'Elmwood' e 'Matua', não diferindo de 'Bruno'. 'Matua' apresentou o menor enraizamento. O AIB incrementa a percentagem de enraizamento, sendo que com a concentração estimada de 4.640 mgL -1 pode-se obter 48,9% de estacas enraizadas.
In Brazil, the propagation of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) is achieved through seed-derived rootstocks, which results in low uniformity. An alternative to address this problem is the cuttings technique, a simple and fast method that generates individuals identical to the parent plant, maintaining the agronomic traits. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of cutting collection time and indolebutyric acid (IBA) on the rooting of ‘Bruno’ kiwifruit cuttings. The cuttings were collected in the months of May, August and December 2016 and March 2017 and treated with 0, 1000, 2000 and 4000 mg L-1 IBA, as a hydroalcoholic solution, for seven seconds. After 90 days, the percentages of rooted and dead cuttings and cuttings that produced shoots; leaf retention; average length of the three largest roots; average number of primary roots per cutting; and reserve contents before and after rooting were evaluated. The treatments with IBA influenced the rooting of cuttings collected in May, which showed 36.07% rooting at the calculated IBA concentration of 2,320 mg L-1, and in December, which exhibited 57.59% rooting at the concentration of 4000 mg L-1. In the present experimental conditions, it is recommended to root cuttings of ‘Bruno’ kiwifruit collected in December with the application of 4000 mg L-1 IBA.
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