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Background: Falls are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in older and represents one of the major and most costly public health problems worldwide. Purpose: Evaluate the influences of lower limb muscle performance, static balance, functional independence and quality of life on fall risk as assessed with the timed up and go (TUG) test. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Fifty-two residents aged 80 or older were assessed and distributed in one of the two study groups (no risk of falls; risk of falls) according to the time to complete the TUG test. A Kistler force platform and linear transducer was used to determinate lower limb muscle performance. Postural Stability (static balance) was measured by recording the center of pressure. The EuroQol-5 dimension was used to assess Health-related quality of life and the Barthel index was used to examine functional status. Student's t-test was performed to evaluate the differences between groups. Correlations between variables were analyzed using Spearman or Pearson coefficient. ROC (receiver operating charasteristic) analysis was used to determine the cut-off points related to a decrease in the risk of a fall. Findings: Participants of no-fall risk group showed better lower limb performance, quality of life, and functional status. Cut-off points were determined for each outcome. Conclusions: Risk of falls in nursing home residents over the age of 80 is associated with lower limb muscle performance, functional status, and quality of Life. Clinical Relevance: Cut-off points can be used by clinicians when working toward fall prevention and could help in determining the optimal lower limb muscle performance level for preventing falls.

The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of whole-body vibration on balance, functional mobility, gait, functional performance, and quality of life in institutionalized older people. Eight databases were systematically reviewed, as recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration. This systematic review was designed to answer the acronym set by the participants, interventions, comparators, and outcomes (PICO)-model. Ten randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. The analysis of the mean differences (MDs) of the functional mobility assessed with Time Up and Go test was MD = −2.49 s (95% confidence interval, CI, [−4.37, −0.61]; I2 = 68%). In 279 participants from five studies, the overall MD = 0.49 (95% CI [−0.13, 1.11]; I2 = 23%) for gait, and MD = 0.96 (95% CI [−0.45, 2.37]; I2 = 85%) for balance, which represents the total Tinetti score, MD = 1.59 (95% CI [−0.52, 3.70]; I2 = 82%). In summary, whole-body vibration could have benefits on functional mobility in institutionalized older people.

OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the dose-response associations between the number of steps per day and all-cause mortality among adults with prediabetes and diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This prospective study used data from 1,194 U.S. adults with prediabetes and 493 with diabetes for whom accelerometer-derived steps per day could be retrieved. Mortality was ascertained through the National Death Index (February 25, 2019). Splines were used to assess the dose-response associations between steps per day and all-cause mortality. RESULTS Over ∼9 years of follow-up, 200 adults with prediabetes and 138 with diabetes died. Nonlinear associations akin to an L shape were observed. We estimated an optimal dose of ∼10,000 steps per day to reduce the risk of all-cause mortality for both individuals with prediabetes and those with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Accumulating more steps per day up to ∼10,000 steps per day may lower the risk of all-cause mortality of adults with prediabetes and diabetes.

El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer qué investigaciones de carácter longitudinal se han llevado a cabo que hayan analizado variables relacionadas con el sobrepeso, la obesidad y el sedentarismo en edad escolar, y qué datos se pueden extraer de las mismas. Se revisaron las siguientes bases de datos: MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, SportDiscus y WOS (Web of Science). Dicha revisión fue realizada siguiendo el modelo PICOs, y a partir de él, se constituyó el protocolo de búsqueda utilizando términos que definan o representen a niños y jóvenes en edad escolar, que puedan presentar o no sobrepeso u obesidad y sedentarismo. Siguiendo el procedimiento Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA), de los 2237 estudios encontrados tan solo 28 cumplieron todos los criterios, por lo que fueron analizados en su totalidad para poder ser incluidos en la revisión. La calidad metodológica de los estudios se evaluó mediante la escala Newcastle-Otawa. De los 28 estudios seleccionados finalmente, 13 tenían una calidad metodológica buena, mientras que los 15 restantes tenían una calidad aceptable. Tras realizar la revisión, se puede concluir que el sedentarismo se ve aumentado paulatinamente con la edad mientras que la actividad física decrece, y consecuentemente, esta situación hace que el sobrepeso y la obesidad se vean incrementadas.  Abstract: The objective of this study was to find out what longitudinal researches have been carried out that have analyzed variables related to overweight, obesity and sedentary lifestyle in school age, and what data can be extracted from them. A systematic review of the MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, SportDiscus and WOS (Web of Science) databases was carried out following the PICOs model, using terms that define or represent children and young people of school age, who may or may not be overweight or obese. Following the PRISMA procedure, of the 2237 studies found only 28 met all the criteria and were therefore analyzed in their entirety for inclusion in the review. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Otawa scale. Of the 28 studies finally selected, 13 were of good methodological quality, while the remaining 15 were of acceptable quality. After review was conducted, it can be concluded that sedentary lifestyle is gradually increased with age while physical activity decreases, and consequently, this situation causes overweight and obesity increase.

ObjectiveTo identify the optimal dose and type of physical activity to improve functional capacity and reduce adverse events in acutely hospitalised older adults.DesignSystematic review and Bayesian model-based network meta-analysis.Data sourcesFour databases were searched from inception to 20 June 2022.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesRandomised controlled trials that assessed the effectiveness of a physical activity-based intervention on at least one functional outcome in people aged ≥50 years hospitalised due to an acute medical condition were included. Pooled effect estimates (ie, standardised mean differences for functional capacity and the ratio of means for adverse events) were calculated using random treatment effects network meta-analysis models.ResultsNineteen studies (3842 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Approximately 100 Metabolic Equivalents of Task per day (METs-min/day) (~40 min/day of light effort or ~25 min/day of moderate effort activities) was the minimal dose to improve the functional capacity of acute hospitalised older adults (standardised mean difference (SMD)=0.28, 95% credible interval (CrI) 0.01 to 0.55). The optimal dose was estimated at 159 METs-min/day (~70 min/day of light effort or ~40 min/day of moderate effort activities; SMD=0.41, 95% CrI 0.08 to 0.72). Ambulation was deemed the most efficient intervention, and the optimal dose was reached at 143 METs-min/day (~50 min/day of slow-paced walking; SMD=0.76, 95% CrI 0.35 to 1.16), showing a high evidential power (87.68%). The minimal effective ambulation dose was estimated at 74 METs-min/day (~25 min/day of slow-paced walking; SMD=0.25, 95% CrI 0.01 to 0.41). Physical activity interventions resulted in a decrease in the rate of adverse events compared with usual care at discharge (ratio of means=0.96, 95% CrI 0.95 to 0.97; median time 7 days).ConclusionsThis meta-analysis yielded low to moderate evidence supporting the use of in-hospital supervised physical activity programmes in acutely hospitalised older adults. As little as ~25 min/day of slow-paced walking is sufficient to improve functional capacity and minimise adverse events in this population.Trial registration numberPROSPERO CRD42021271999.