Chylothorax is a significant problem in pediatric cardiac surgery and is associated with increased mortality, cost, and length of stay. Strategies should be developed to improve prevention and treatment.

Bovine jugular grafts are associated with a significantly greater risk of late endocarditis but with lower reintervention rates compared with other valved conduits. The risk of endocarditis and durability must be balanced during conduit selection. Antibiotic prophylaxis and a high index of suspicion for endocarditis are warranted in patients with bovine jugular grafts.

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Surgical PVR is safe with low in-hospital and midterm follow-up mortality and reoperation rates. These outcomes provide a useful benchmark for treatment strategy comparisons.

CoA repair through left thoracotomy is associated with low rates of morbidity, mortality, and reintervention. Aortic arch obstruction should be completely relieved at the time of surgical intervention to minimize the risk of long-term recoarctation.

We thank the surgeons and research assistants who contributed patients and data from the following institutions constituting the Ampullary Carcinoma Study Group and Pancreas Fistula Study Group:

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