This study identifies the factors accountable for the historical growth trends in kerosene and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) consumption in Cameroon households, thereby quantifying their short-and long-run effects for the period 1994-2014. ARDL bound test and Granger-causality following Toda-Yamamoto procedure under an augmented VAR framework are estimated. Empirical results validate the presence of a long-run equilibrium relationship on one hand between kerosene consumption, prices, income, and urbanization; and on the other hand between LPG consumption, prices, income, and urbanization. Prices, income and urbanization have significant positive impact on kerosene and LPG consumption both in the short-and long-runs, with evidence of high degree of fuel substitution from kerosene to LPG. Granger causality test show that there exists bidirectional causality between LPG consumption and income at the 5% significance level, whereas there is no causality between kerosene consumption and income. This means that an increase in LPG consumption affects economic growth with feedback effect. Consequently, supporting energy policies aimed at increasing LPG consumption while reducing kerosene consumption is achievable in Cameroon. Other captious policy measures and sensitive issues such as market liberalization, energy accretion programs and market competitiveness to upgrade availability, accessibility, distribution and extension of energy services are discussed.

This paper centres on the estimation of carbon dioxide emissions in a Cameroon thermal power plant called Dibamba Power Development Company, in such a way that they can be included as part of Cameroon energy sector inventory or used by the Dibamba Power Development Company to monitor its policy and technology improvements for mitigating climate change. We have estimated the emissions using national emission factors for the consumption of liquid fossil fuels and simulated a mitigation of these emissions till 2018 using alternative fossil fuels and carbon neutral model. The results show that energy demand and carbon dioxide emissions in 2012 are estimated to be 48.964 ktoe and 164.39 kt CO 2 respectively. National emission factors for electricity generation are estimated to be 660.63 g/kWh. From 2012 to 2018, the thermal power plant will emit into the atmosphere 1298.42 kt CO 2 . These results also show that the use of alternative fuels will reduce 59.22 kt CO 2 per year for the same period while the use of the carbon neutral model will reduce a total amount of 8.08 kt CO 2 . Finally, the total quantity of CO 2 emission reduced for the period 2012 to 2018 will be 489.91 kt CO 2 .

A major flood event occurred on 21 August 2020 in the densely populated Makèpè Missokè neighborhood in the city of Douala (Cameroon, Africa). Nearly 2210 buildings and 12,376 victims spread over 82 hectares were affected. A 2D HEC-RAS model is applied to simulate and characterize this event. A cross analysis of flood depth and flow velocity is used to classify the flood risk and identify areas exposed from low to high hazard. The simulations provide detailed information on the flood characteristics (extent, depth, velocity, arrival time, and duration). The simulated maximum water surface profiles are consistent with the floods marks with differences ranging from 0.02 m to 0.44 m, indicating a good agreement between the observed and simulated water levels at the peak flow (NSE = 0.94, Erel = 0.92, RMSE = 0.21 m). The maximum inundation level is 4.48 m and the flow velocity is globally low at less than 1 m/s. The average flood arrival time and duration are 5 h and 26 h, respectively, for a threshold height of 0.5 m. These results indicate a fast mobilization of the major river channel for the evacuation of this flood. The level of accuracy of the developed model of the 21 August 2020 flood event is appropriate for flood hazard assessment in the city of Douala and is designed to find operational application in future events.

In this paper, we examine the causal relationship between diesel consumption, CO 2 emissions and GDP in Cameroon during the period 1975-2008. Cointegration and vector error-correction modelling techniques are used in this study. ADF tests show that the series, after logarithmic transformation, are non-stationary and integrated of order one. This study finds the presence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between the variables. The results of the Granger-causality tests for time series have been estimated.