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Digital Twins have emerged since the beginning of this millennium to better support the management of systems based on (real-time) data collected in different parts of the operating systems. Digital Twins have been successfully used in many application domains, and thus, are considered as an important aspect of Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE). However, their development, maintenance, and evolution still face major challenges, in particular: (i) the management of heterogeneous models from different disciplines, (ii) the bidirectional synchronization of digital twins and the actual systems, and (iii) the support for collaborative development throughout the complete life-cycle. In the last decades, the Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) community has investigated these challenges in the context of software systems. Now the question arises, which results may be applicable for digital twin engineering as well. In this paper, we identify various MDE techniques and technologies which may contribute to tackle the three mentioned digital twin challenges as well as outline a set of open MDE research challenges that need to be addressed in order to move towards a digital twin engineering discipline.

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HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Abstract. Traditional protocol implementation approaches capture the structural aspects of protocols in a common base that can be used across layers. However, they are usually not very good at capturing the behavioral aspects. Two important implementation problems result, namely, reprogramming similar behavior and configuration of crosscutting concerns. In this paper, we present an approach to solve the problems of reprogramming similar behavior and absence of systematic configuration mechanisims for crosscutting concerns in communication systems. Our approach is based on generative programming, has been implemented in C++ and has been validated with several protocols. We also sketch an approach for run-time reconfigurable protocol stacks.

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One of the most crucial and complicated phases of realtime system development lies in the transition from system behavior (generally specified using scenario models) to the behavior of interacting components (typically captured by means of communicating hierarchical finite state machines). It is commonly accepted that a systematic approach is required for this transition. In this paper, we overview such an approach, which we root in a hierarchy of "behavior integration patterns" we have elaborated. The proposed patterns guide the structuring of a component's behavior, and help in integrating the behavior associated with new scenarios into the existing hierarchical finite state machine of a component. One of these patterns is discussed at length here.