RESUMOKeywords: wastewater; bioremediation; Chlorophyceae; exponential growth; algal density. INTRODUÇÃOAs microalgas são organismos unicelulares fotossintetizantes, com pouca ou nenhuma diferenciação celular. Elas podem ser predominantemente aquáticas, geralmente microscópicas, sendo um grupo muito heterogêneo de organismos. Por meio da extração de seus óleos, são comercialmente utilizadas para produção de biocombustíveis nas indústrias farmacêuticas e alimentícias. As microalgas são muito eficientes no armazenamento de energia solar, apresentando um rápido crescimento e, consequentemente, um aumento de biomassa considerável (OHSE et al., 2008).Muitas microalgas mostram elevada eficiência em retirar nutrientes ou outros elementos químicos do meio aquoso, apresentando potencial para sua aplicação em ensaios de recuperação de ambientes aquáticos (MIASHIRO, 2008). Com essa propriedade, elas podem ser utilizadas na recuperação de águas residuais e, posteriormente, a sua biomassa pode ser utilizada para outras aplicações industriais e agrícolas. Silva (2007) utilizou a microalga Chlorella vulgaris imobilizada com alginato de sódio para a remoção de fosfatos de água residual de uma clínica hospitalar, em que foram observadas reduções significativas do contaminante da água.Como a água é um bem essencial à vida, torna-se necessário dispor dela em condições potáveis e balneáveis. Em razão do grande crescimento populacional e do aumento das atividades industriais perto de rios e nascentes, a
Microalgae are unicellular organisms, photosynthesizers that present cell duplication exponentially and biosorption capacity of nutrients dissolved in water. The objective of this work was to evaluate the capacity of the microalga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata for bioremediation of metals and salts. In this aspect, the reduction of the metals and salts in the synthetic effluents by the microalga P. subcapitata was evaluated: (T1) culture medium (control); (T2) culture medium contaminated with aluminum chloride; (T3) culture medium contaminated with ferrous sulfate; (T4) culture medium contaminated with zinc sulfate; (T5) culture medium contaminated with the combination of aluminum chloride, ferrous sulfate and zinc sulfate. The bioremediation process was evaluated by comparing culture media with suspended microalgae to a filtrate version of the same medium. Iron and zinc metals, as well as nitrogen and phosphorus salts, showed depleted values in the filtered medium, indicating efficiency in the treatment of water by microalgae. Aluminum content was below the limit of detection in all treatments. The cumulative values in the microalgae biomass were, in descending order: nitrogen, zinc, iron and phosphorus, thus indicating the assimilation of the contaminants in the algal biomass. In addition, high biomass production of the microalgae was observed. The highest production rate was verified in the synthetic effluent with the association of metals, indicating a synergy between contaminants, which was probably responsible for reducing the toxic effect on the microalgae. These results indicated high potential for bioremediation by microalga P. subcapitata, besides the possibility of using algal biomass for biotechnological applications.
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