Over the last decade (2001-2010), the European Union has observed a consistent increase in municipal waste (MW) per capita in 18 out of its 28 members (European Environment Agency, 2013). Even if MW only accounts for approximately 10% of total waste generated in the EU, it has a relevant socio-environmental impact (Eurostat, 2016a,b). In this perspective, studies that investigate the determinants of MW generation are particularly valuable since they might inform policies aimed at incentivizing MW reduction, that are very important in the waste management strategy (Beigl et al., 2008). This paper aims to contribute to the literature by empirically addressing a highly debated issue, namely the existence of a link between economic wealth and waste production as modeled by the Waste Kuznets Curve (WKC), Original Articles Kuznets curve in municipal solid waste production: An empirical analysis based on municipal-level panel data from the Lombardy region (Italy)
In light of the global significance of food waste, a greater focus on improving food waste management strategies is called for. Implementing such management strategies requires a better understanding of stakeholder relations. This paper analyses the structure of multiplex relations among stakeholders involved in the creation of a novel food waste management system, investigating the drivers of network formation when multiple collaborations are observed between pairs of stakeholders. We apply Social Network Analysis to study food waste reduction strategies in the City of Ferrara (Italy). Our results provide support for the practical relevance of multiple interactions across dyadic relationships in stakeholder networks. They also suggest that 'third parties' are not necessary for an effective networking strategy, and that relationships between stakeholders of similar levels of expertise are not required for establishing multiple relationships, 2 suggesting that functionally diverse coalitions are of greater practical relevance for food waste management strategies.
By using a large cross-sectional dataset that observes municipalities from one of the most populated and wealthiest regions in Europe (Lombardy, Italy), this paper investigates how municipal waste re-cycling is correlated with a wide set of municipallevel variables. Results show that municipal waste recycling is linked to geographical, demographic, socio-economic and political variables. They also reveal that these tendencies vary according to municipalities' population size. This empirical analysis helps in identifying those municipalities that have higher probability of being virtuous in terms of waste recycling.
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