Bergamot is a typical citrus fruit that comes almost exclusively from the province of Reggio Calabria. It is a symbol of biodiversity and Calabria has a corner on this exclusive asset as more than 90% of bergamot world production comes from this region . It is to be considered a green asset as it fully complies with Green economy standards and, as every part of the fruit can be used in different sectors, it is a multifunctional product. Essence is requested by perfumer factories, it is widely employed in the cosmetic sector and in pharmacopoeia. The fresh fruit is gaining growing importance for its therapeutic/health fanatic capacity; the juice is used in pharmacopoeia and in the production of derived products as citric acid, while the peel is used to extract pectin; “pastazzo”, which is mainly used as animal feed, is now used in the preparation of a special lime that, according to the oral building tradition handed down in the ionic area, is to be considered important for its antifungal and antibacterial properties, thus in compliance with green economy standards. Associations have always been in charge of the protection of this product; in the past, they were well represented by the Consorzio del Bergamotto whereas the baton has been recently passed on to UnionBerg O.P.; founded in 2004, it aims at guaranteeing a continuing quality production and fixed prices as required by customers, by means of a “voluntary stockpile”. From an economic point of view, the product profitability is interestingly mirrored in the land value, which is remarkably higher than table values. Sentence 181/2011 of the Constitutional Court declared it unlawful and provides that only the market value is to be considered. Bergamot is a resource of the coming metropolitan area and it is therefore worth the attention of scientific research as it is likely to offer further and determinant contributions in less explored sectors, especially those pertaining to health and wealth.
Abstract. Farming and agro-industrial waste can represent a resource when destined to energy production and they can contribute to reduce greenhouse gas emission, to improve energetic efficiency and increase renewable energies. 6 stations are already working in Calabria for agro-zootechnical biomasses and agro-industrial waste transformation, in compliance with 91/676/CEE, Nitrates Directive, then D.L. 152/99 and D.M. 7 April 2006, redefined by D.M. 6-7-2012 It reduced incentives, with the aim of implementing small sized stations powered by recyclable byproducts, which are easier to manage especially in the form of consortium by medium and small sized companies that would otherwise be excluded from the market. An appropriate use of pruning waste would also mean turning a problem into an opportunity if, instead of burning it and producing high levels of CO 2 (as forbidden by D.L. "terra dei fuochi") it could be destined to produce a new kind of power source, biochar, with a carbon negative function. Concerning the market of carbon credits derivable from pruning waste and from the production of more than 130.000 t of biochar (which, differently from the forestry sector, hasn't been accepted in farming yet), the potential wealth on the regional territory could vary from 5 to 11 million € according to the set price. Establishing a more competitive and sustainable source of energy is one of the most important challenges that our Country has to face today. This sector plays a key role in the economic development of the Country, not only as a distinctive feature of low cost energy production, limited impact on environment and high utilization, but also as an element of growth per se, with a boost in ecologic economy thanks to a predominant use of renewable resources, recycling and curbing domestic or industrial waste, according to Green Economy parameters. PresentationCalabria covers a surface of 15.000 km2, divided into 5 provinces, 409 Municipalities, 98% of which are rural, and there are over 2.000.000 inhabitants. Calabria has a heterogeneous orographic profile, which consists of 49% hills, 42% mountains and only 9% plains.Surplus value is 2,1% of the national wealth The percentage above is distributed as follows: agriculture 4, 1% (national average rate 2, 0%), industry 13, 7% (24, 6%) services 82, 2% (73, 4%). Concerning the employment rate reported in each sector, 10,6 % work in agriculture (compared to 6,8% average rate in southern Italy and 3,7% average national rate), l'8,7% in manufacture (compared to 13,1 and 20,1%), 8,1% in construction (8,1% and 7,7%), 72,6% in services (72% and 68,5%) [1].Taking into account both the employment rate and the related income, the importance of the primary sector is evident However, this is not to be ascribed to as a supposed power of the agricultural sector, which is featured by an extreme scattering of companies; on the contrary, it is due to a clear structural weakness of the other productive sectors.
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