Subtalar arthroereisis has been reported as a minimally-invasive, effective and low-risk procedure in the treatment of flatfoot mainly in children but also in adults.It has been described as a standalone or adjunctive procedure, and is indicated in the treatment of flexible flatfoot, tibialis posterior tendon dysfunction, tarsal coalition and accessory navicular syndrome.Different devices for subtalar arthroereisis are currently used throughout the world associated with soft-tissue and bone procedures, depending on the surgeon rather than on standardised or validated protocols.Sinus tarsi pain is the most frequent complication, often requiring removal of the implant.To date, poor-quality evidence is available in the literature (Level IV and V), with only one comparative non-randomised study (Level II) not providing strong recommendations. Long-term outcome and complication rates (especially the onset of osteoarthritis) are still unclear.Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2017;2:438–446. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.2.170009

Further studies are needed to identify the best therapeutic approach to the ONFH.

TM arthroplasty with Pyrocardan implantation is a suitable option in treating Eaton-Littler grade II or III TM osteoarthritis.

Level IV, therapeutic study, case series.

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