The immunohistochemical expression of isoform B of the progesterone receptor (PRB) has shown promising results in predicting the response of atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) and early endometrial cancer (EEC) to conservative treatment. We aimed to calculate the accuracy of PRB as a predictive marker of conservative treatment outcome in AEH or EEC. Design: Retrospective cohort study.

The female genital system is made up of dynamic organs that change during the woman’s life cycle. Ovarian cycle consists of the growth and development of the ovarian follicle, its bursting, and transformation into the corpus luteum with relative production of estrogens and progesterone.The normal menstrual cycle is the result of the integration of the primary neuroendocrine complex (the hypothalamus–pituitary–ovarian axis) into a control system regulated by a series of peripheral mechanisms of feedback and nerve signals that result in the release of a single mature oocyte from a pool of hundreds of thousands of primordial oocytes. Alterations of these mechanisms can lead to pathological conditions and affect fertility of patients.

Endometrial thickness >20 mm (N, %) 15 (29.4%) 1 (33.3%) ns Myometrial nodule (N, %) 37 (71.2%) 3 (100%) ns Nodule vascularization at Color Doppler (N, %) 27 (90%) 2 (66.6%) ns Nodule maximum diameter (average AE SD) 34.5 AE 21.1 mm 29.3 AE 10.0 mm ns UAPI (average AE SD) Mean right/left UAPI 1.67 AE 0.94 3.25 AE 0.81 0.01Results: Forty patients with post-molar GTN (74%), 11 patients with nonmolar GTN (20.4%) and 3 patients with PSTT (5.6%) were included in the analysis. None of the ultrasonographic features evaluated (presence of endometrial disease; presence of a myometrial lesion; lesion morphology, diameter and vascularization) significantly differed between PSTT and other types of GTN. However, a significant difference could be detected between UAPI measurements in GTN and PSTT (P = 0.01). Conclusions: Our results show that patients suffering from PSTT present higher resistance of uterine arteries, compared to invasive mole and choriocarcinoma. PSTT pattern is similar to that of healthy, non-pregnant patients. This could suggest a possible role of UAPI measurement in the ultrasonographic diagnosis of PSTT.