The evolution of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) technology is boosting the development of innovative solutions for the sixth generation (6G) of Vehicular-to-Everything (V2X) networks. Lower frequency networks provide control of millimeter waves (mmWs) or sub-THz beam-based 6G communications. In CAVs, the mmW/Sub-THz guarantees a huge amount of bandwidth (>1GHz) and a high data rate (> 10 Gbit/s), enhancing the safety of CAVs applications. However, high-frequency is impaired by severe path-loss, and line of sight (LoS) propagation can be easily blocked. Static and dynamic blocking (e.g., by non-connected vehicles) heavily affects V2X links, and thus, in a multi-vehicular case, the knowledge of LoS (or visibility) mapping is mandatory for stable connections and pro-active beam pointing that might involve relays whenever necessary.In this paper, we design a criterion for dynamic LoS-map estimation, and we propose a novel framework for relay of opportunity selection to enable high-quality and stable V2X links. Relay selection is based on cooperative sensing to cope with LoS blockage conditions. LoS-map is dynamically estimated on top of the static map of the environment by merging the perceptive sensors' data to achieve cooperative awareness of the surrounding scenario. Multiple relay selection architectures are based on centralized and decentralized strategies. 3GPP standard-compliant simulation is the framework methodology adopted herein to reproduce real-world urban vehicular environments and vehicles' mobility patterns.
The role of wireless communications in guaranteeing safe and resource-efficient intelligent transportation systems (ITS) is of great significance. With the advent of a new technological epoch in cellular network development, various novel technical solutions are being considered as key enablers for future 5G-beyond and 6G networks. In this position paper, we identify and discuss three key pillars in the wireless network evolution that we suppose to be the foundation for the practical deployment of mass ITS. We first show how edge-located solutions may help in data delivery, next we present the role of the integrated communications and sensing paradigm (ICAS) in vehicular communications, and finally, we concentrate on advances in cellular-based sidelink communications.
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