Background: A study was made to evaluate peri‐implant conditions in compliers and erratic compliers with peri‐implant maintenance therapy (PIMT), and to assess the role of site‐specific confounders.Methods: Erratic PIMT compliers (EC) were defined as presenting attendance < 2x/year, while regular compliers (RC) attended ≥ 2x/year. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were employed to perform a multivariable multilevel analysis in which the peri‐implant condition was established as dependent variable.Results: Overall, 86 non‐smoker patients (42 RC and 44 EC) attending the department of periodontology of the Universitat Internacional de Catalunya were recruited consecutively on a cross‐sectional basis. The mean period of loading was 9.5y. An implant placed in an erratic patient has 88% higher probability of presenting peri‐implant diseases versus RC. Furthermore, the probability of diagnosis of peri‐implantitis was significantly higher in EC vs RC (OR 5.26; 95% CI: 1.51 – 18.29) (p = 0.009). Among other factors, history of periodontitis, non‐hygienic prosthesis, period of implant loading and Modified Plaque Index (MPI) at implant level were shown to significantly increase the risk of peri‐implantitis diagnosis. Although not associated with peri‐implantitis diagnosis risk, keratinized mucosa (KM) width and vestibular depth (VD) were significantly associated to plaque accumulation (mPI).Conclusions: Compliance with PIMT was found to be significantly associated with peri‐implant status. In this sense, attending PIMT < 2x/year may not be sufficient to prevent peri‐implantitis. These outcomes should be limited to a non‐smokers population.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
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