The present study emphasizes the crucial role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of EN, as high levels of cytokines and growth factors mainly involved in neutrophil recruitment and activation were detected.

A noteworthy number of NMSC were diagnosed in this Mediterranean population of patients exposed to high-dose UV treatment. A thorough risk-benefit evaluation should always be done before UV treatment and patients should be carefully monitored for skin cancer during and after treatment discontinuation.

Our study supports the role of TNF-alpha polymorphisms in predicting the response to anti-TNF-alpha agents. In particular, we found that the presence of -238G>A and -308G>A polymorphisms is associated with poor response to a 3-month therapy with etanercept. However, our data have yet to be validated in larger cohorts.

In our study, psoriasis is been associated with a high fat mass%. We suggest that screening for body fat distribution in psoriatic patients might be useful to identify early obesity-related disease.

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α blocking agents have revolutionized the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Concerns remain about increased susceptibility to infection and onset of malignancies, and the use of TNF-α agents in patients with HIV infection or undergoing immunosuppressant treatment is debated. We report cases of severe plaque psoriasis in a patient with HIV infection and in a liver transplant recipient who were successfully treated with etanercept, an anti-TNF-α agent, without notable side-effects.