The advent of highly effective and well‐tolerated direct antiviral antivirals (DAAs) has dramatically changed the landscape of chronic hepatitis C. The effect of DAAs in older adults is difficult to determine since patients aged ≥ 65 years were too few in most clinical trials and data mainly come from observational studies. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DAAs in patients aged 65 and older. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, HCV‐Trials.com databases were searched for literature published until 1 December 2017. English language articles reporting results of phase 2 or 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), single‐arm clinical trials (SATs) and observational studies were included in the final analysis. All studies included subgroups of older patients and compared their outcomes with younger individuals. By using a random‐effects or fixed‐effects model, odds ratio (OR) was calculated for the efficacy and safety. Heterogeneity was tested using I2 statistics. Thirty‐seven studies reported data on the DAA efficacy. The OR was 1.66 (95%CI: 1.00‐2.75; P = 0.06) in meta‐analysis of RCTs, and similar results were found in SATs and observational studies. HCV genotype, stage of fibrosis or HIV co‐infection did not affect the rate of SVR in older persons. Prevalence of anaemia (OR 0.26 95%CI: 0.09‐0.69; P = 0.007) (OR 0.25 95%CI: 0.09‐0.69; P = 0.007) and skin complaints (OR 0.61 95%CI: 0.45‐0.83; P = 0.001) was higher in older adults. Finally, geriatric patients affected by chronic HCV infection can be safely treated with DAAs with the same efficacy reported in younger adults.

Although direct-acting antivirals are very effective and safe drugs, several authors have reported the alteration of lipid profile during and after anti-HCV therapy suggesting a potential impact on the risk of cardiovascular events. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to investigate the magnitude and temporal trend of lipid profile changes in DAA treated patients. All selected studies included data on lipid profile before starting therapy and at least one follow-up assessment during or after antiviral treatment. We identified 14 studies (N = 1537 patients) after removing duplicates. Pooled data showed an increase in total cholesterol 4 weeks after starting therapy (+ 15.86 mg/dl; 95% CI + 9.68 to 22.05; p < 0.001) and 12 weeks after treatment completion (+ 17.05 mg/dl; 95% CI + 11.24 to 22.85; p < 0.001). LDL trend was similar to the total cholesterol change in overall analysis. A mean increase in HDL-cholesterol of 3.36 mg/dl (95% CI + 0.92 to 5.79; p = 0.07) was observed after 12 weeks of treatment, whereas at SVR24 HDL difference was + 4.34 mg/dl (95% CI + 1.40 to 7.28; p = 0.004).Triglycerides did not show significant changes during treatment and after treatment completion. DAAs induce mild lipid changes in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with DAAs, which may persist after treatment completion.

The aim of the present study was to assess the etiology and pattern of maxillofacial fractures in the Province of Pescara, Abruzzo, Central Italy. Was performed a retrospective review of patients treated at the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery of Spirito Santo Hospital from January 2010 to December 2012. Data collected and analyzed included sex, age, cause of injury, site of fracture, monthly distribution, and alcohol misuse. A total of 306 patients sustaining 401 maxillofacial fractures were treated. There were 173 males (56.5%) and 133 females (43.5%). Most of the patients (36.9%) were in the age group of 18–44 years. The most common causes of injuries were road traffic accidents (26.4%); the second leading cause was interpersonal violence (23.2%), followed by injuries associated with falls (19.2%). Fractures of the mandible (31%) and zygoma (23%) were the most common maxillofacial fractures in our study. The monthly distribution peaked in the summer (July and August, 30.4%) and in October (13.1%). In conclusion, this study confirms the close correlation between the incidence and etiology of facial fractures and the geographical, cultural, and socioeconomic features of a population. The data obtained provide important information for the design of future plans for injury prevention and for education of citizens.

Pseudocirrhosis is a clinical and radiological entity mimicking liver cirrhosis in patients without a history of chronic liver disease. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the current literature to evaluate the state-of-the-art and investigate the epidemiology and clinical features of pseudocirrhosis. We searched PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus for literature published until February 28, 2022. We included in the final analysis 62 articles (N = 389 patients): 51 case reports (N = 64 patients), 5 case series (N = 35 patients) and 6 observational studies (N = 290 patients). About 80% of patients included in the case reports and case series had breast cancer. Most patients had at least one clinical sign of portal hypertension and ascites was the most common clinical manifestation of portal hypertension. The median time from pseudocirrhosis to death was 2 months (IQR 1–7 months). Alkylating agents and antimitotics were the most common classes of anticancer drugs reported in our study population. Notably, about 70% of patients received three or more anticancer drugs. Finally, pseudocirrhosis is a condition that occurs in patients with hepatic metastases and may have a negative impact on survival and clinical management of patients because of the potential development of portal hypertension and its complications.