Purpose of reviewNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steato hepatitis have an increasing prevalence among liver diseases. Overweight and obesity are frequently associated conditions in patients with fatty liver. Skeletal muscle mass depletion may also coexist with chronic liver disease even in obese patients. This review will focus on the relationship between sarcopenic obesity and fatty liver. Recent findingsObesity and sarcopenia are frequently encountered in patients with NAFLD. Adipose tissue is able to release molecules (adipokines) that regulate lipid metabolism, interact with insulin sensitivity and may contribute to induce fibrogenesis in the liver. Skeletal muscle tissue is able to secrete myokines regulating muscle metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Myokines perturbation has been reported to influence adipose tissue mass and fat deposition in the liver. Sarcopenia has been reported as independent risk factor for the development of NAFLD, and for a more severe liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD.

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In the patients with non-cirrhotic PH variceal progression is more rapid and bleeding more frequent than in cirrhotics. Patients with INCPH are particularly prompt to develop PVT. This observational study suggests that the management of patients with non-cirrhotic PH should take into consideration the natural history of portal hypertension in these patients and cannot be simply derived by the observation of cirrhotic patients.

Gut microbiota plays an important role in human health. It may promote carcinogenesis and is related to several diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. This study of microbial dysbiosis in the etiology of colorectal adenoma aimed to investigate the possible causative role of microbiota in the adenoma–carcinoma sequence and its possible preventive role. A systematic, PRISMA-guided review was performed. The PubMed database was searched using “adenoma microbiota” and selecting original articles between January 2010 and May 2020 independently screened. A higher prevalence of Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Bacteroidetes phyla was observed in the fecal luminal and mucosa-associated microbiota of patients with adenoma. However, other studies provided evidence of depletion of Clostridium, Faecalibacterium, Bacteroides and Romboutsia. Results on the relationship between adenoma endoscopic resection and microbiota were inconsistent. In conclusion, none of the analyzed studies developed a predictive model that could differentiate adenoma from non-adenoma patients, and therefore, to prevent cancer progression. The impact of adenoma’s endoscopic resection on microbiota was investigated, but the results were inconclusive. Further research in the field is required.

Dynamic Contrast Enhanced-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DCE-MRI) is a functional modality which involves the administration of an adequate contrast agent (typically Gadolinium DTPA) and, subsequently, the assessment of signal intensities changes over time. The signal intensity on T1-weighted images can be considered proportional to the concentration of contrast agent. The intensity-time curve can be studied trough semiquantitative parameters. Time intensity curve (TIC) is influenced by the differences in tuning and scaling factors between scanners or even between sessions on the same scanner. Therefore, for comparing the semi-quantitative parameters of different patients or for the same patient before, during and after the neo-adjuvant treatment, or for performing multicentre studies, it is necessary the normalization of the signal intensity curve. In this study a procedure for reference based normalization is investigated