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In theHellenica, Xenophon prefaces his account of the liberation of Thebes from Spartan occupation by making the following gnomic observation:One could tell also of many other incidents, both Greek and barbarian, showing that the gods are not unmindful either of those who are impious or of those who commit unholy acts. Now, at any rate, I shall tell only of the events at hand.

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There has been much debate on the nature and Tendenz (if any) of the mysterious pamphlet of Stesimbrotus of Thasos, which circulated in antiquity under the title On Themistocles, Thucydides, and Pericles, although consensus has so far remained elusive. A re-examination of the 11 extant fragments as an integrated whole reveals that the work was a serious political invective, reflecting the views of the intellectual dissidents opposed to the radical democracy in Athens. Furthermore, Stesimbrotus is likely to have been the unknown authority whose hostility toward Themistocles and Pericles occasioned Thucydides’ lengthy and uncharacteristic defences of both men.

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