Patients exposed to a surgical safety checklist experience better postoperative outcomes, but this could simply reflect wider quality of care in hospitals where checklist use is routine.

was evinced. It was concluded that the half-life obtained was due to pileup of pulses with lower energy; such pileup should display a half-life of one-half the 7.7-min half-life.The lack of an observed internal conversion line indicates that the 0+, T=l level 2 probably lies above the 7=3, T-0 level. This would require a positron end point for the 0.95-sec activity in K 38 of energy > 4.84 Mev. In any case the above argument indicates that the energy of the transition is greater than 4.76 Mev. CONCLUSIONSThe experimental results reported in this paper together with the half-life measurement of Kline andWe report a comprehensive series of measurements made on the masses of L-mesons produced by the 184-inch cyclotron. A general ratio principle of measurement is employed which largely eliminates systematic errors. The particular method that we have developed is described in detail. The theory of nonequilibrium particle orbits in the cyclotron field is worked out to provide formulas from which momenta may be calculated, and to obtain the momentum distribution functions determined by the target and detector dimensions. The energy-loss processes in nuclear track emulsion, which is used as a stopping material and detector, are studied and the range-momentum exponent q is found. Several small corrections to the mean range are made. A number of range straggling effects are evaluated. The theoretical distribution of the quantity Rp~q (R being the range and p the momentum) is studied, and the first three moments of the distribution are calculated explicitly. The distribution is found to be closely gaussian. From the theory of the distribution of Rp~g, the best estimate and the statistical uncertainty of the mass ratio (e.g., of meson to proton) are evaluated. A number of effects influencing the ratio are studied, but all the corrections found are very small. The * This work was done under the auspices of the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission. 1 Many of the earlier measurements are reviewed in: J. A. ); Koslov, Fitch, and Rainwater, Phys. Rev. 95, 625 (A) (1954); Camac, Piatt, and Schulte, Phys. Rev. 89, 905 (A) (1953); 88, 134 (1952); A. D. McGuire et al., Phys. Rev. 95, 625 (1954).

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Whole-blood specimens were transported through an installed 485-meter pneumatic-tube system dedicated to blood transport. The system featured constant-speed, low-carrier-velocity travel (3.6 m/sec) with controlled deceleration prior to arrival at its destination. Inserts were designed with ample use of padding to minimize agitation during transport and landing. Serum potassium, hemoglobin, and lactate dehydrogenase activity and whole-blood pH, PCO2, and PO2 were not altered in freshly drawn blood transported in this system. Partial filling or heparinization of the specimen containers did not alter the results. When specimens were allowed to clot prior to pneumatic-tube transport, significantly higher levels of serum lactate dehydrogenase were obtained. This study demonstrates that transport of whole-blood specimens by pneumatic tube without damage to blood components is feasible.

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Current services could be improved by the provision of a structured treatment programme designed to target the specific physical and psychological requirements of this population. Also, efforts to correct the fictitious, negative portrayals of women involved in prostitution are required, if treatment efficacy is to be improved.