The aim of this work is experimental
determination of density,
ρ, refractive index, n
D, viscosity,
η, and their derivatives for four binary systems containing
glycerol in the mixture with butanol isomers: 1-butanol, 2-butanol,
isobutanol, and tert-butanol. Experimental results
were carried out for all concentration ranges at atmospheric pressure
and at a temperature interval of 293.15–318.15 K except for
the mixtures with tert-butanol because of high melting
temperatures, so the measurements were made from 303 K. Results of
experimental measurements were further used to estimate, for each
investigated mixture, excess molar volumes, partial molar volumes,
apparent molar volumes, thermal isobaric expansibilities, excess thermal
expansibilities and partial molar volumes at infinite dilution, the
viscosity deviations, and the excess energies of activation. In addition
to that, the infrared spectra of all the systems have been recorded
at three concentrations at room temperature. The excess molar volumes V
E and excess thermal expansitivities for all
investigated systems are found negative over the whole composition
range and at all temperatures studied, and deviations from ideality
increase with increasing temperature. Negative values of viscosity
deviation appear for all systems, but contrary to the excess molar
volumes, the deviations from ideality decrease with temperature rising.
The excess molar calculated properties were well fitted using the
empirical Redlich–Kister polynomial. All the properties measured
and calculated in this work have shown a significant influence of
the structure of the molecules including the size, shape, and the
position of the hydroxyl groups of the components. As expected, the
infrared spectra of these binary mixtures prepared with these four
butanol isomers show strong hydrogen bonding capability.
